Shloka 49

Devanagari script

दारयन्‌ बहुधा सैन्यं रणे चरति कालवत्‌ | यत्रैष शब्दस्तुमुलस्तत्र सूत रथं नय

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | dārayan bahudhā sainyaṃ raṇe carati kālavat | yatraiṣa śabdas tumulas tatra sūta rathaṃ naya |

Translation

เขาฉีกกองทัพออกเป็นเสี่ยง ๆ ซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า และเคลื่อนไหวในศึกประหนึ่งกาลมรณะเอง โอสารถี จงขับรถศึกไปยังที่ซึ่งเสียงอึกทึกกึกก้องนั้นกำลังก้องขึ้น

Word by Word

• {'sañjaya uvāca': 'Sanjaya said', 'dārayan': 'rending, tearing apart, splitting', 'bahudhā': 'in many ways

• again and again', 'sainyam': 'army, host of troops', 'raṇe': 'in battle', 'carati': 'moves, roams, acts', 'kālavat': 'like Kāla (Time/Death), deathlike', 'yatra': 'where', 'eṣaḥ': 'this (person/one here)', 'śabdaḥ': 'sound, cry, roar', 'tumulaḥ': 'tumultuous, thunderous, uproarious', 'tatra': 'there, to that place', 'sūta': 'charioteer (also: one of the sūta class)', 'ratham': 'chariot', 'naya': 'lead, drive (imperative)'}

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Suta (charioteer)
• Ratha (chariot)
• Kāla (Time/Death)
• battlefield
• army (Kaurava host implied)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the battlefield ethic of kṣatriya duty: decisive action in response to threat. It also uses Kāla (Death/Time) imagery to underscore how war reduces human agency before overwhelming force and fate.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya describes a warrior rampaging through the opposing ranks, producing a terrifying uproar. A commander addresses his charioteer, ordering him to drive toward the source of that tumult to confront the threat directly.