Shloka 4
भीष्मस्य दुर्योधनं प्रति उपालम्भः
Bhīṣma’s Reproof to Duryodhana
Devanagari script
त॑ श्रुत्वा सुमहानादं तव सैन्यस्थ भारत
Transliteration
taṁ śrutvā sumahānādaṁ tava sainyastha bhārata
Translation
สัญชัยกล่าวว่า ข้าแต่ภารตะ เมื่อได้ยินเสียงคำรามอันยิ่งใหญ่นั้นท่ามกลางกองทัพของท่าน เหล่านักรบก็สะท้านหวั่นไหว
Word by Word
तत्that (sound/roar)
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
सुमहानादम्a very great roar
सुमहानादम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुमहानाद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
सैन्यस्थO one stationed in the army
सैन्यस्थ:
TypeAdjective
Rootसैन्यस्थ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
S
SañjayaD
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as Bhārata)K
Kaurava army (tava sainya)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how the external momentum of war—symbolized by a massive roar—can sweep through an army, reminding the listener that collective action in conflict carries grave ethical consequences and demands discernment about dharma even amid martial excitement.
Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that a tremendous sound has arisen within the Kaurava forces; it signals heightened battle intensity and the troops’ agitation as the confrontation escalates.