Shloka 22

अध्याय ८० — मध्यंदिन-रणवृत्तान्तः

Yudhiṣṭhira–Śrutāyu encounter; Cekitāna–Gautama clash; Abhimanyu pressure; Arjuna’s redeployment

Devanagari script

प्रविष्टो धार्तराष्ट्राणामेतद्‌ बलमहार्णवम्‌ | तब विशोकने हाथ जोड़कर धूृष्टद्युम्नसे कहा--'प्रभो! पराक्रमी और बलवान्‌ पाण्डुनन्दन मुझे यहीं खड़ा करके कौरवोंके इस सैन्यसागरमें घुस गये हैं ।।

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca |

praviṣṭo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām etad balamahārṇavam |

mām uktvā puruṣavyāghraḥ prītiyuktam idaṃ vacaḥ ||

Translation

“ท่านได้บุกเข้าสู่มหาสมุทรแห่งกองทัพของโอรสธฤตราษฏระแล้ว ครั้นทิ้งข้าไว้ ณ ที่นี้ บุรุษพยัคฆ์คือภีมเสนได้กล่าวถ้อยคำด้วยความเอ็นดูว่า…”

Word by Word

• प्रविष्टः: entered
• प्रविष्टः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्र-विश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त (past passive participle, used actively), पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्: of the Dhartarashtras (Kauravas)
• धार्तराष्ट्राणाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, षष्ठी, बहुवचन

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुं, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• बल-महा-अर्णवम्: the great ocean of the army (army-ocean)
• बल-महा-अर्णवम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: बल + महा + अर्णव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• माम्: me
• माम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: —, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• उक्त्वा: having said
• उक्त्वा: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), परस्मैपदी-प्रयोग (अव्ययभाव), —, —, —

• पुरुष-व्याघ्रः: the tiger among men (hero)
• पुरुष-व्याघ्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष + व्याघ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• प्रीति-युक्तम्: endowed with affection
• प्रीति-युक्तम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रीति + युक्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• इदम्: this
• इदम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• वचः: speech/words
• वचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुं, द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sanjaya
• Dhritarashtra (implied via dhārtarāṣṭrāṇām)
• Kauravas (Dhartarashtras)
• Bhima (implied by puruṣavyāghraḥ and the narrative context)
• horses (aśvāḥ, implied by the narrative context of holding the horses)
• charioteer/sūta (implied by the narrative context)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights warrior-duty and steadfastness under danger: a hero enters overwhelming odds with resolve, while also showing humane leadership—speaking affectionately and assigning a clear, time-bound task to his attendant.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports that Bhima has plunged into the Kaurava host, likened to a vast ocean. Before charging in, Bhima leaves his charioteer behind, instructing him to hold the horses and wait for a fixed period while he confronts those intent on killing him.