Shloka 19

Adhyāya 65: Dawn Assembly, Makara–Śyena Vyūhas, and Commander Engagements

Devanagari script

धार्तराष्ट्रानू दश रथान्‌ दशैव प्रत्यवारयन्‌ । नानारूपाणि शस्त्राणि विसृजन्तो विशाम्पते

Transliteration

dhārtarāṣṭrānū daśa rathān daśaiva pratyavārayan | nānārūpāṇi śastrāṇi visṛjanto viśāmpate ||

Translation

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า—ข้าแต่เจ้าแห่งไพร่ฟ้า รถศึกสิบคันของฝ่ายธฤตราษฏระนั้น ถูกมหารถีฝ่ายปาณฑพจำนวนสิบคนพอดีสกัดไว้ คือ ภีมเสนผู้เดือดดาล, ธฤษฏทฺยุมน์โอรสทฺรุปท, นกุลกับสหเทวโอรสมาทรี, โอรสทั้งห้าของเทราปที และอภิมันยุ ทั้งสิบต่างระดมอาวุธนานาประการขว้างฟาด จนข้าศึกต้องชะงักงัน

Word by Word

• धार्तराष्ट्रान्: the sons of Dhritarashtra / the Dhartarashtras
• धार्तराष्ट्रान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धार्तराष्ट्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• दश: ten
• दश: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दश (संख्या)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• रथान्: chariots
• रथान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रथ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• दश: ten
• दश: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दश (संख्या)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एव: indeed/just
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• प्रत्यवारयन्: they checked/warded off/stopped
• Type: Verb
• Root: प्रति+अव+√वृ (वारयति)
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

• नाना: various
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: नाना

• रूपाणि: forms/kinds
• रूपाणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• शस्त्राणि: weapons
• शस्त्राणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: शस्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• विसृजन्तः: hurling/releasing
• विसृजन्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि+√सृज (सृज्) → विसृजत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural, Present active (Parasmaipada)

• विशाम्पते: O lord of the people
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशाम्-पति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ)
• Dhārtarāṣṭras/Kauravas
• Bhīmasena
• Dhṛṣṭadyumna
• Drupada
• Mādrī
• Nakula
• Sahadeva
• Draupadī
• Draupadī’s five sons (Upapāṇḍavas)
• Abhimanyu
• chariots (ratha)
• weapons (śastra)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights disciplined resistance and coordinated duty in war: matched opponents restrain aggression through skill and steadiness, reflecting kṣatriya-dharma—courage, order, and responsibility amid violence.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to the king that ten Kaurava chariot-warriors were stopped by ten Pāṇḍava-side heroes—Bhīma, Dhṛṣṭadyumna, Nakula, Sahadeva, Draupadī’s five sons, and Abhimanyu—who attacked with varied weapons and prevented their advance.