Previous Verse

Shloka 43

Karma-Saṃnyāsa–Karma-Yoga Saṃvāda

Renunciation and the Discipline of Action

इन्द्रियोंको स्थूल शरीरसे पर यानी श्रेष्ठ, बलवान्‌ और सूक्ष्म कहते हैं; इन इन्द्रियोंसे पर मन है, मनसे भी पर बुद्धि है और जो बुद्धिसे भी अत्यन्त पर है वह आत्मा है ।। एवं बुद्धे: परं बुद्ध्वा संस्तभ्यात्मानमात्मनाः । जहि शत्रुं महाबाहो कामरूप॑ दुरासदम्‌,इस प्रकार बुद्धिसे पर अर्थात्‌ सूक्ष्म, बलवान्‌ और अत्यन्त श्रेष्ठ आत्माको जानकर और बुद्धिके द्वारा मनको वशमें करके” हे महाबाहो! तू इस कामरूप दुर्जय शत्रुको मार डाल

indriyāṇi parāṇy āhur indriyebhyaḥ paraṁ manaḥ | manasas tu parā buddhir yo buddheḥ paratas tu saḥ || evaṁ buddheḥ paraṁ buddhvā saṁstabhya ātmānam ātmanā | jahi śatruṁ mahābāho kāmarūpaṁ durāsadam ||

อินทรีย์ทั้งหลายประเสริฐกว่ากายหยาบ; เหนืออินทรีย์คือจิต; เหนือจิตคือปัญญา; และเหนือปัญญายิ่งนักคืออาตมัน. เมื่อรู้ดังนี้ว่าอาตมันสูงกว่าปัญญา แล้วตั้งจิตให้มั่นด้วยพลังแห่งตน—โอ้ผู้มีพาหาอันเกรียงไกร—จงประหารศัตรูผู้ยากจะพิชิตนี้ ซึ่งมีรูปเป็นกาม.

एवम्thus, in this way
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
बुद्धेःof the intellect
बुद्धेः:
TypeNoun
Rootबुद्धि
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
परम्higher, beyond
परम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
बुद्ध्वाhaving understood/known
बुद्ध्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootबुध्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
संस्तभ्यhaving restrained, having steadied
संस्तभ्य:
TypeVerb
Rootस्तम्भ्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), सम्
आत्मानम्the self (mind/inner self)
आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मनाby the self (by oneself)
आत्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
जहिslay, kill
जहि:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
शत्रुम्enemy
शत्रुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महाबाहोO mighty-armed one
महाबाहो:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाबाहु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कामरूपम्having desire as its form; lust-formed
कामरूपम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootकामरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
दुरासदम्hard to overcome/assail
दुरासदम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदुरासद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna (Mahābāhu)
Ā
ātman (Self)
I
indriyāṇi (senses)
M
manaḥ (mind)
B
buddhi (intellect)
K
kāma (desire)

Educational Q&A

A hierarchy is taught—body < senses < mind < intellect < Self—and the ethical instruction is to use discernment (buddhi) and inner steadiness (ātman) to restrain the mind and defeat desire (kāma), portrayed as a formidable inner enemy.

On the battlefield setting of Bhīṣma Parva, Arjuna voices a reflective teaching that reframes combat as inner discipline: before confronting external foes, one must conquer the internal adversary—desire—by recognizing the Self as higher than mind and intellect and by exercising self-restraint.