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Shloka 21

Karma-Saṃnyāsa–Karma-Yoga Saṃvāda

Renunciation and the Discipline of Action

सम्बन्ध-- पूर्वश्लोकर्ें भगवान्‌ने अर्जुनकों लोक-संग्रहकी ओर देखते हुए कर्मोका करना उचित बतलाया: इसपर यह जिज्ञासा होती है कि कर्म करनेसे किस प्रकार लोकसंग्रह होता है; अतः यही बात समझानेके लिये कहते हैं-- यद्‌ यदाचरति श्रेष्ठस्तत्‌ तदेवेतरो जन: । स यत्‌ प्रमाणं कुरुते लोकस्तदनुवर्तते,श्रेष्ठ पुरुष जो-जो आचरण करता है, अन्य पुरुष भी वैसा-वैसा ही आचरण करते हैं। वह जो कुछ प्रमाण कर देता है,* समस्त मनुष्यसमुदाय उसीके अनुसार बरतने लग जाता है

arjuna uvāca — yad yad ācarati śreṣṭhas tat tad evetaro janaḥ | sa yat pramāṇaṁ kurute lokas tad anuvartate ||

ผู้ประเสริฐประพฤติอย่างไร คนอื่นก็ประพฤติตามอย่างนั้น เขาตั้งมาตรฐานสิ่งใดไว้ โลกทั้งปวงก็ย่อมดำเนินตามมาตรฐานนั้น

यत्whatever (that which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यत्whatever
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आचरतिpractices, behaves
आचरति:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-चर्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular
श्रेष्ठःthe best (person)
श्रेष्ठः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
इतरःthe other (common) person
इतरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootइतर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जनःpeople, person
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यत्whatever (that which)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रमाणम्standard, authority, example
प्रमाणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुरुतेmakes, sets (as)
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
लोकःthe world, people
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अनुवर्ततेfollows, conforms to
अनुवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु-वृत्
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
L
loka (society/the world)
Ś
śreṣṭha (the exemplary/foremost person)

Educational Q&A

Society imitates its exemplars: the conduct and standards set by the foremost people become the norm for others, so responsible action by leaders is crucial for maintaining dharma and social cohesion (lokasaṅgraha).

In the dialogue on the battlefield, after hearing that action should be performed with an eye to sustaining the world (lokasaṅgraha), Arjuna articulates the principle of imitation: people follow the behavior and standards established by the best among them.