Shloka 44

Śākadvīpa–Pramāṇa–Varṇana

Measurements and Description of Śākadvīpa

Devanagari script

सूर्यस्त्वष्टोी सहस्राणि द्वे चान्ये कुरुनन्दन । विष्कम्भेण ततो राजन्‌ मण्डलं त्रिंशता समम्‌

Transliteration

sūryas tvaṣṭoḥ sahasrāṇi dve cānye kurunandana | viṣkambheṇa tato rājan maṇḍalaṃ triṃśatā samam ||

Translation

สัญชัยกล่าวว่า “โอ้ผู้เป็นความชื่นใจแห่งวงศ์กุรุ ดวงอาทิตย์มีเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางหนึ่งหมื่นสองพันโยชน์ และข้าแต่พระราชา ขนาดของแผ่นกลมโดยรอบวงเท่ากับสามหมื่นโยชน์”

Word by Word

• सूर्यः: the Sun
• सूर्यः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• त्वष्टोः: of Tvaṣṭṛ
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्वष्टृ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• सहस्राणि: thousands
• सहस्राणि: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: सहस्र
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Plural

• द्वे: two
• द्वे: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वि
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Dual

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अन्ये: other (two)
• अन्ये: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अन्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Dual

• कुरुनन्दन: O delight of the Kurus
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुरुनन्दन
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• विष्कम्भेण: by/with the diameter (thickness)
• विष्कम्भेण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विष्कम्भ
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• ततः: then/thereupon
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः

• राजन्: O king
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• मण्डलम्: the circle/orb (circumference)
• मण्डलम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: मण्डल
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• त्रिंशता: by thirty (thousand) / with thirty
• त्रिंशता: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिंशत्
• Form: Feminine, Instrumental, Singular

• समम्: equal (to)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सम
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Sūrya (Sun)
• Tvaṣṭṛ
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by vocatives rājan/kurunandana)
• maṇḍala (solar disc)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse presents the cosmos as structured and measurable, implicitly pointing to ṛta (cosmic order). Against the backdrop of impending war, it suggests that human action should align with dharma within a universe governed by law and proportion.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is reporting to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra a traditional cosmological account, giving numerical measures for the Sun’s diameter and the extent of its disc/circumference.