Shloka 1

अश्वमेधीयस्य हयस्य दक्षिणापश्चिमगमनम् — The Sacrificial Horse’s Southern and Western Circuit

Devanagari script

अपर बक। ] अत काड< चतुरशीतितमो< ध्याय: शकुनिपुत्रकी पराजय वैशम्पायन उवाच शकुनेस्तनयो वीरो गान्धाराणां महारथ: । प्रत्युद्ययौ गुडाकेशं सैन्येन महता वृतः

Transliteration

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

śakunes tanayo vīro gāndhārāṇāṁ mahārathaḥ |

pratyudyayau guḍākeśaṁ sainyena mahatā vṛtaḥ ||

Translation

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า—โอ้ชนเมชยะ! บุตรแห่งศกุนิ ผู้เป็นวีรบุรุษและมหารถีแห่งชาวคันธาระ ได้เคลื่อนทัพออกไปเผชิญหน้าอรชุน ผู้มีนามว่า “คุฑาเกศะ” โดยมีไพร่พลมหาศาลห้อมล้อมอยู่.

Word by Word

• {'vaiśampāyana uvāca': 'Vaiśampāyana said', 'śakuneḥ tanayaḥ': 'son of Śakuni', 'vīraḥ': 'heroic, brave warrior', 'gāndhārāṇām': 'of the Gāndhāras (people of Gandhāra)', 'mahārathaḥ': 'great chariot-warrior

• an elite fighter', 'pratyudyayau': 'went forth to meet

• advanced to confront', 'guḍākeśam': 'Guḍākeśa (Arjuna)

• ‘conqueror of sleep/drowsiness’', 'sainyena': 'with an army', 'mahatā': 'great, vast', 'vṛtaḥ': 'surrounded, encompassed, attended by'}

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Śakuni
• Śakuni’s son
• Gāndhāras
• Arjuna
• Guḍākeśa
• army (sainya)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the outward face of kṣatriya-dharma—meeting an opponent directly with courage and force—while also invoking Arjuna’s epithet “Guḍākeśa,” suggesting that true martial excellence includes inner discipline and wakeful mastery, not merely numerical strength.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana narrates that Śakuni’s son, a leading warrior of the Gāndhāras, marches out with a large army to engage Arjuna in battle, setting up the next episode of confrontation and defeat.