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Shloka 48

Brahmā’s Instruction on Brahmacarya, Vānaprastha, and the Aliṅga Path

Ethics of Non-attachment

अगन्धमरसस्पर्शमरूपाशब्दमेव च । अनुगम्यमनासक्तममांसमपि चैव यत्‌,जो मनुष्य आत्माको हाथ, पैर, पीठ, मस्तक और उदर आदि अंगोंसे रहित, गुण- कर्मोंसे हीन, केवल, निर्मल, स्थिर, रूप-रस-गन्ध-स्पर्श और शब्दसे रहित, ज्ञेय, अनासक्त, हाड़-मांसके शरीरसे रहित, निश्चिन्त, अविनाशी, दिव्य और सम्पूर्ण प्राणियोंमें स्थित सदा एकरस रहनेवाला जानते हैं, उनकी कभी मृत्यु नहीं होती

agandham arasa-sparśam arūpāśabdam eva ca | anugamyam anāsaktam amāṁsam api caiva yat ||

วายุเทพตรัสว่า “อาตมันนั้นไร้กลิ่น ไร้รส ไร้สัมผัส; ไร้รูป และไร้เสียง. เป็นสิ่งที่พึงบรรลุด้วยการแสวงหาภายใน ไม่ยึดติด และแม้ไร้เนื้อหนัง. ผู้ใดรู้จักอาตมันเช่นนี้—อยู่เหนือคุณลักษณะทางผัสสะ ปราศจากคุณและกรรม บริสุทธิ์ มั่นคง ไม่สูญสลาย เป็นทิพย์ และสถิตเสมอภาคในสรรพสัตว์ทั้งปวง—ผู้นั้นย่อมไม่ประสบความตาย”

अगन्धम्without smell
अगन्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगन्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अरसम्without taste
अरसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अस्पर्शम्without touch
अस्पर्शम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootस्पर्श
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अरूपम्without form
अरूपम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootरूप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अशब्दम्without sound
अशब्दम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशब्द
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अनुगम्यम्to be followed/attainable by following
अनुगम्यम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअनु-गम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular, यत् (gerundive/future passive participle)
अनासक्तम्unattached
अनासक्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआसक्त (from √सञ्ज् with आ-; lexicalized)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अमांसम्without flesh
अमांसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमांस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
यत्which/that (entity)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva
Ā
Ātman (Self)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that the true Self is not the sensory, bodily person: it is formless, beyond the five sense-objects, unattached, pure, and all-pervading. Knowing oneself as this imperishable Ātman is presented as the basis for freedom from death (i.e., liberation from mortal identification).

Vāyudeva is instructing about the nature of the Ātman, using negations (absence of smell, taste, touch, form, sound) to detach the listener from bodily and sensory identification, and affirming that realization of this Self leads beyond death.