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Shloka 38

Brahmopadeśa: Adhipatitva-kathana, Dharma-lakṣaṇa, and Kṣetra–Kṣetrajña Viveka

Book 14, Chapter 43

पुरुषस्तद्‌ विजानीते तस्मात्‌ क्षेत्रज्ञ उच्यते । गुणवृत्तं तथा वृत्तं क्षेत्रज्ञ: परिपश्यति,आत्मा क्षेत्रको जानता है, इसलिये वह क्षेत्रज्ञ कहलाता है। क्षेत्रज्ष आदि, मध्य और अन्तसे युक्त समस्त उत्पत्तिशील अचेतन गुणोंके कार्यको और उनकी क्रियाको भी भलीभाँति जानता है, किंतु बारंबार उत्पन्न होनेवाले गुण आत्माको नहीं जान पाते

puruṣas tad vijānīte tasmāt kṣetrajña ucyate | guṇa-vṛttaṃ tathā vṛttaṃ kṣetrajñaḥ paripaśyati |

พระวายุตรัสว่า “บุรุษภายใน (อาตมัน) รู้แจ้งทุ่งนั้น; เพราะเหตุนั้นจึงเรียกว่า ‘ผู้รู้แห่งทุ่ง’ (กษेत्रชญะ). ผู้รู้แห่งทุ่งย่อมเห็นชัดถึงความเคลื่อนไหวของคุณทั้งหลายและกิจการทั้งปวงของมัน; แต่คุณทั้งหลาย แม้เกิดขึ้นซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า ก็ไม่อาจรู้จักอาตมันได้โดยแท้.”

पुरुषःthe person (self)
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विजानीतेknows distinctly
विजानीते:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
तस्मात्therefore / from that reason
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
क्षेत्रज्ञःknower of the field
क्षेत्रज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular
गुणवृत्तम्the activity/function of the guṇas
गुणवृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगुणवृत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तथाand likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
वृत्तम्conduct/operation (activity)
वृत्तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्त
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्षेत्रज्ञःthe knower of the field
क्षेत्रज्ञः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षेत्रज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
परिपश्यतिsees clearly / perceives fully
परिपश्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootपश्
FormPresent, Parasmaipada, Third, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

वायुदेव (Vāyu)
पुरुष (Puruṣa)
क्षेत्रज्ञ (Kṣetrajña)
गुण (Guṇas)
आत्मा (Ātman)

Educational Q&A

Consciousness (the Puruṣa/Ātman) is the ‘Knower of the Field’ because it illumines and understands the changing operations of prakṛti (the guṇas). The guṇas can be observed and analyzed by the Self, but they cannot, by themselves, grasp the Self—highlighting the Self’s distinctness and transcendence over material nature.

Vāyu is instructing the listener in a philosophical discourse: he defines why the Self is termed kṣetrajña and contrasts the knowing principle (Ātman/Puruṣa) with the known, changing processes (guṇas and their activities), emphasizing discernment and inner detachment.