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Shloka 30

Brahma-vidyā: Satya–Tapas and the Enumeration of Tattvas

Arjuna–Vāsudeva framed dialogue

कौ चोभौ कर्मणां मार्गो प्राप्तुयुर्दक्षिणोत्तरी । प्रलयं चापवर्ग च भूतानां प्रभवाप्ययौं,“तथा कर्मोके वे दो मार्ग कौन-से हैं, जिनसे मनुष्य दक्षिणायन और उत्तरायण गतिको प्राप्त होते हैं? प्रलय और मोक्ष क्या हैं? एवं प्राणियोंके जन्म और मरण कया हैं?”

kau cobhau karmaṇāṁ mārgo prāptuyur dakṣiṇottarī | pralayaṁ cāpavargaṁ ca bhūtānāṁ prabhavāpyayau ||

หนทางแห่งกรรมสองประการใดเล่า ที่ทำให้ได้ถึงคติทักษิณายนและอุตตรายน? “ปรลัย” และ “อปวรรค” (โมกษะ) คืออะไร? และสำหรับสรรพสัตว์ การเกิดและการดับ—คือกำเนิดและมรณะ—คือสิ่งใด?

कौwhich two?
कौ:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
कर्मणाम्of actions
कर्मणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
मार्गःpath/way
मार्गः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्राप्तुयुःwould attain
प्राप्तुयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + आप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
दक्षिणोत्तरीthe southern and northern (courses)
दक्षिणोत्तरी:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदक्षिण + उत्तरी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Dual
प्रलयम्dissolution
प्रलयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रलय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपवर्गम्liberation
अपवर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअपवर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भूतानाम्of beings
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
प्रभवorigin
प्रभव:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्र + भू
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अप्ययौdissolution/cessation
अप्ययौ:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअप + इ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

वायुदेव उवाच

V
Vāyudeva

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a doctrinal inquiry: how actions (karma) relate to two post-mortem trajectories symbolized as the southern and northern courses, and how these fit within the larger metaphysical scheme of dissolution (pralaya), liberation (apavarga/mokṣa), and the cycle of arising and passing away (birth and death).

Vāyudeva, as the speaker, poses a set of foundational questions to prompt a systematic explanation: the two karmic paths leading to distinct destinies, the nature of cosmic/individual dissolution, the meaning of liberation, and the principles underlying the birth and death of beings.