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Shloka 4

Puṣkara-Śapatha Itihāsa (Agastya–Indra Dispute at the Tīrthas) | पुष्कर-शपथ-आख्यानम्

भीष्म उवाच मासार्धमासोपवासाद्‌ यत्‌ तपो मन्यते जन: । आत्मतन्त्रोपघाती यो न तपस्वी न धर्मवित्‌,भीष्मजीने कहा--राजन्‌! जो लोग पंद्रह दिन या एक महीनेतक उपवास करके उसे तपस्या मानते हैं, वे व्यर्थ ही अपने शरीरको कष्ट देते हैं। वास्तवमें केवल उपवास करनेवाले न तपस्वी हैं, न धर्मज्ञ

bhīṣma uvāca māsa-ardha-māsa-upavāsād yat tapo manyate janaḥ | ātma-tantro-paghātī yo na tapasvī na dharma-vit ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ข้าแต่พระราชา! ผู้ใดเห็นว่าตบะคือการอดอาหารเพียงครึ่งเดือนหรือหนึ่งเดือน ผู้นั้นย่อมทรมานกายตนโดยเปล่าประโยชน์. ผู้ที่ดื้อดึงตามใจและทำลายตนเช่นนี้ มิใช่นักบำเพ็ญตบะ และมิใช่ผู้รู้ธรรม.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मासार्धम्half a month (a fortnight)
मासार्धम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमासार्ध
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मासोपवासात्from a month-long fast / by fasting for a month
मासोपवासात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमासोपवास
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
यत्which (that)
यत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मन्यतेthinks/considers
मन्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
जनःpeople (a person/folk)
जनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आत्मतन्त्रself-willed, acting independently
आत्मतन्त्र:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मतन्त्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उपघातीinjuring, harming
उपघाती:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपघातिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तपस्वीan ascetic; one who practices austerity
तपस्वी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्विन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
धर्मवित्knower of dharma
धर्मवित्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
T
the King (Yudhishthira)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma teaches that austerity is not simply prolonged fasting; without right understanding and disciplined purpose, such fasting becomes self-harm and does not make one a true ascetic or a knower of dharma.

In the Anushasana Parva, Bhishma instructs King Yudhishthira on dharma. Here he critiques the popular notion that a fortnight- or month-long fast by itself constitutes tapas, emphasizing ethical discernment over mere bodily mortification.