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Shloka 50

Nṛga-upākhyāna: Brāhmaṇa-sva and the Consequence of Misappropriated Gift-Cattle (कृकलास-रूपे नृगोपाख्यानम्)

गाव: शरण्या भूतानामिति वेदविदो विदु: । तस्माद्‌ ददाति यो थेनुं शरणं सम्प्रयच्छति

gāvaḥ śaraṇyā bhūtānām iti vedavido viduḥ | tasmād dadāti yo dhenuṃ śaraṇaṃ samprayacchati ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “บัณฑิตผู้รู้พระเวทประกาศว่า โคเป็นที่พึ่งพิงของสรรพสัตว์ทั้งปวง ดังนั้นผู้ใดถวายโคนมเป็นทาน ผู้นั้นย่อมเสมือนมอบที่พึ่ง—เป็นผู้คุ้มครองและผู้ให้ร่มเงาแก่ผู้อื่น”

गावःcows
गावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
शरण्याःgiving refuge; protective
शरण्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशरण्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
भूतानाम्of beings/creatures
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
इतिthus; 'that'
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
वेदविदःknowers of the Veda
वेदविदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेदविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
विदुःknow
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
तस्मात्therefore; from that reason
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद्
ददातिgives
ददाति:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
यःwho (he who)
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धेनुम्a milch-cow
धेनुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
शरणम्refuge; shelter
शरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सम्प्रयच्छतिbestows; grants fully
सम्प्रयच्छति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-यम् (सम्+प्र+यम्)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
C
cows (gāvaḥ)
M
milch-cow (dhenu)

Educational Q&A

Cows are regarded, on Vedic authority, as a universal refuge; hence gifting a milch-cow (go-dāna) is ethically framed as granting protection and shelter to beings, not merely giving property.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma in the Anushasana Parva, he praises the religious and social value of charitable giving, specifically highlighting the gift of a cow as an act equivalent to providing refuge.