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Shloka 22

Cyavana’s Yogic Display and Kuśika’s Recognition of Tapas (च्यवन-योगप्रभावः कुशिकस्य तपःप्रशंसा च)

(ब्राह्मणानां गवां चैव कुलमेकं द्विधा कृतम्‌ । एकत्र मन्त्रास्तिष्ठन्ति हविरन्यत्र तिष्ठतति ।।

bhīṣma uvāca |

brāhmaṇānāṃ gavāṃ caiva kulam ekaṃ dvidhā kṛtam |

ekatra mantrās tiṣṭhanti havir anyatra tiṣṭhati ||

anarghyā mahārāja dvijā varṇeṣu cottamāḥ |

gāvaś ca puruṣavyāghra gaur mūlyaṃ parikalpyatām ||

“ข้าแต่มหาราช! วงศ์ของพราหมณ์และโคแท้จริงเป็นหนึ่งเดียว แต่ปรากฏแยกเป็นสองรูป—ฝ่ายหนึ่งเป็นที่สถิตแห่งมนตร์ศักดิ์สิทธิ์ อีกฝ่ายหนึ่งเป็นที่สถิตแห่งหวิส คือเครื่องบูชายัญนั้นเอง พระราชาเอ๋ย! ทวิชะเป็นผู้ประเสริฐในหมู่วรรณะและประเมินค่าไม่ได้; โคทั้งหลายก็เช่นกัน โอ้พยัคฆ์ในหมู่มนุษย์ ล้วนเกินกว่าจะตีราคาได้ ดังนั้นจงกำหนดโคหนึ่งตัวเป็น ‘มูลค่า’ เพื่อเป็นเครื่องหมายแห่งเกียรติยศ”

ब्राह्मणानाम्of the Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
गवाम्of the cows
गवाम्:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कुलम्family/lineage
कुलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एकम्one/single
एकम्:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
द्विधाin two ways; into two
द्विधा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootद्विधा
कृतम्made/divided
कृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Nominative, Singular
एकत्रin one place
एकत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएकत्र
मन्त्राःmantras/sacred formulas
मन्त्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमन्त्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तिष्ठन्तिstand/are present
तिष्ठन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent (लट्), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
हविःoblation (ghee etc.)
हविः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहविस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अन्यत्रelsewhere/in another place
अन्यत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्यत्र
तिष्ठतिstands/is present
तिष्ठति:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था
FormPresent (लट्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनर्घेयाःpriceless/invaluable
अनर्घेयाः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootअनर्घेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
द्विजाःtwice-born (Brahmins)
द्विजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्णेषुamong the varnas/classes
वर्णेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उत्तमाःthe best/supreme
उत्तमाः:
Visheshana
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
गावःcows
गावः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुरुषव्याघ्रO tiger among men
पुरुषव्याघ्र:
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषव्याघ्र
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
गौःa cow
गौः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मूल्यम्price/value
मूल्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूल्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
परिकल्प्यताम्let (it) be fixed/assigned
परिकल्प्यताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि + कल्प्
FormImperative (लोट्), Third, Singular, Passive (कर्मणि)

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Mahārāja (the king, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira in context)
B
Brāhmaṇas
G
Gāvaḥ (cows)
M
Mantras
H
Havis (sacrificial oblation)

Educational Q&A

Brahmins and cows are presented as intrinsically sacred and ‘priceless’: Brahmins embody the Vedic mantras, while cows embody the sacrificial offering (havis). Since their worth cannot be truly measured, any ‘price’ is only a symbolic honor—hence the stipulation of giving a cow as an appropriate token in acts of giving and reverence.

Bhishma is instructing the king on dharma related to honoring Brahmins and cows. He frames them as two manifestations of a single sacred lineage—mantra and oblation—then advises that, though beyond valuation, a cow may be fixed as the conventional token of value in the context of gifts and ritual propriety.