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Shloka 10

च्यवन-कुशिक-संवादः

Cyavana–Kuśika Dialogue on Hospitality, Service, and Lineage Questions

मागधो वामकइश्नैव द्वौ वैश्यस्योपलक्षितौ । ब्राह्माण्यां क्षत्रियायां च क्षत्रियस्यैक एव तु

bhīṣma uvāca |

māgadho vāmakaiś caiva dvau vaiśyasyopalakṣitau |

brāhmaṇyāṁ kṣatriyāyāṁ ca kṣatriyasyaika eva tu ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “บุตรของไวศยะที่เกิดในครรภ์สตรีพราหมณ์และสตรีกษัตริย์ ย่อมเป็นอปสทสองจำพวก เรียกตามลำดับว่า มาคธะ และวามกะ แต่สำหรับกษัตริย์นั้น ยอมรับเพียงจำพวกเดียว คือบุตรที่เกิดจากสตรีพราหมณ์ เรียกว่า ‘สูตะ’”

मागधःMagadha (a mixed-caste son/type)
मागधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमागध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वामकःVāmaka (a mixed-caste son/type)
वामकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवामक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवas it were/indeed (comparative particle)
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
द्वौtwo
द्वौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
वैश्यस्यof a Vaiśya
वैश्यस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
उपलक्षितौare observed/recognized
उपलक्षितौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउपलक्षित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
ब्राह्माण्याम्in/from a Brāhmaṇī (Brahmin woman)
ब्राह्माण्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
क्षत्रियायाम्in/from a Kṣatriyā (Kshatriya woman)
क्षत्रियायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिया
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्षत्रियस्यof a Kṣatriya
क्षत्रियस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
एकःone
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवonly/indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
M
Māgadha
V
Vāmaka
S
Sūta
V
Vaishya
B
Brahmin woman (Brāhmaṇī)
K
Kshatriya woman (Kṣatriyā)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a normative dharma classification of certain ‘pratiloma’ (reverse-order) unions and the names assigned to their offspring, treating these categories as authoritative within the traditional social-ethical framework being taught by Bhishma.

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma is explaining to the king a set of traditional social categories: which mixed-lineage sons are said to arise from a Vaishya father with Brahmin/Kshatriya mothers (Māgadha, Vāmaka), and from a Kshatriya father with a Brahmin mother (Sūta).