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Shloka 29

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

इत्येते संकरे जाता: पितृमातृव्यतिक्रमात्‌ | प्रच्छन्ना वा प्रकाशा वा वेदितव्या: स्वकर्मभि:,इस प्रकार माता-पिताके व्यतिक्रम (वर्णान्तरके संयोग)-से ये वर्णसंकर जातियाँ उत्पन्न होती हैं। इनमेंसे कुछकी जातियाँ तो प्रकट होती हैं और कुछकी गुप्त। इन्हें इनके कर्मोसे ही पहचानना चाहिये

ity ete saṅkare jātāḥ pitṛ-mātṛ-vyatikramāt | pracchannā vā prakāśā vā veditavyāḥ sva-karmabhiḥ ||

ดังนี้แล กลุ่มชนปะปนย่อมบังเกิดจากการล่วงละเมิดสายสกุลฝ่ายบิดาและมารดา (คือการสมสู่ข้ามขอบเขตวรรณะ) บางพวกมีฐานะปรากฏชัด บางพวกซ่อนเร้น; พึงรู้จักเขาด้วยกรรมและความประพฤติของตนเอง

इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एतेthese
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सङ्करेin (the state of) mixture / intermixture
सङ्करे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसङ्कर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
जाताःborn / arisen
जाताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootजात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पितृof the father
पितृ:
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
मातृof the mother
मातृ:
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
व्यतिक्रमात्from transgression / from crossing (of bounds)
व्यतिक्रमात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootव्यतिक्रम
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
प्रच्छन्नाःhidden
प्रच्छन्नाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रच्छन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
प्रकाशाःmanifest / evident
प्रकाशाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकाश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
वेदितव्याःto be known / should be recognized
वेदितव्याः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Passive sense, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
स्वकर्मभिःby their own deeds
स्वकर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Bhishma emphasizes that mixed origins arise from crossing established lineage/varṇa boundaries, and that social identity—especially when not obvious—should be assessed through a person’s actual conduct (karma/ācāra), not merely by claim or appearance.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Bhishma is explaining to Yudhiṣṭhira how various mixed groups are said to originate and how they may be identified—some being publicly known and others remaining hidden—ultimately pointing to deeds as the practical criterion for recognition.