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Shloka 23

तीर्थवंशोपदेशः

Tīrtha-vaṃśa Upadeśa: Instruction on the Fruits of Sacred Waters

श्राद्धे दैवे च निर्दिष्टो ब्राह्मणो भरतर्षभ । दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्न शृणुष्वानुग्रह पुन:

bhīṣma uvāca | śrāddhe daive ca nirdiṣṭo brāhmaṇo bharatarṣabha | dātuḥ pratigrahītuś ca śṛṇuṣvānugrahaṃ punaḥ ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “โอ ผู้ประเสริฐแห่งวงศ์ภารตะ! บรรดาพราหมณ์ผู้พึงเว้นในพิธีบูชาเทพและในพิธีศราทธะนั้น เราได้ระบุไว้แล้วก่อนหน้านี้ บัดนี้จงฟังอีกครั้ง—ด้วยความเมตตาอันเป็นข้อผ่อนปรน—เราจักกล่าวถึงคุณลักษณะของผู้ให้ทานและผู้รับทาน ซึ่งแม้โดยหลักจะถูกห้ามในศราทธะ แต่ด้วยคุณธรรมพิเศษจึงนับว่าเป็นผู้ควรรับได้”

श्राद्धेin the śrāddha (rite)
श्राद्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootश्राद्ध
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
दैवेin the daiva (rite for gods)
दैवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निर्दिष्टःspecified/indicated
निर्दिष्टः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्दिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दातुःof the giver
दातुः:
TypeNoun
Rootदातृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रतिग्रहीतुःof the receiver (acceptor)
प्रतिग्रहीतुः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिग्रहीतृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
शृणुष्वhear (listen)
शृणुष्व:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormImperative, Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
अनुग्रहम्favor/grace
अनुग्रहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअनुग्रह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुनःagain/further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Bharatarshabha (Yudhishthira)
B
Brahmin
S
Shraddha
D
Daiva-yajna (rites to the gods)

Educational Q&A

Ritual eligibility is governed by dharma: certain recipients are normally excluded from divine and ancestral rites, yet Bhishma signals that compassionate, rule-based exceptions (anugraha) may apply when special qualifying virtues are present—especially concerning the ethics of giving and accepting gifts.

Bhishma continues instructing Yudhishthira in Anushasana Parva. Having already described which Brahmins are disqualified for daiva rites and śrāddha, he now transitions to a further discussion of donors and recipients—explaining nuanced cases where someone otherwise prohibited may still be accepted due to particular merits.