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Shloka 40

सायंप्रातर्मनुष्पयाणामशन देवनिर्मितम्‌ । नान्तरा भोजन दृष्टमुपवासविधिहिं स:

sāyaṃprātar manuṣyāṇām aśanaṃ devanirmitam | nāntarā bhojanaṃ dṛṣṭam upavāsavidhir hi saḥ |

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—สำหรับมนุษย์ เทพทั้งหลายได้บัญญัติให้รับประทานเพียงสองเวลา คือยามเช้าและยามเย็น หาได้มีข้อบัญญัติให้กินระหว่างนั้นไม่ เมื่อรักษาข้อสำรวมนี้ ย่อมได้บุญประหนึ่งการถืออุโบสถ. และในกรอบแห่งธรรมนี้ คฤหัสถ์ผู้มีวินัยพึงเป็นผู้คุ้มครองและต้อนรับทุกผู้—แขก ผู้รับใช้ ญาติพี่น้อง และผู้มาขอพึ่งพิง—เพื่อให้ความสำรวมตนเกื้อหนุนหน้าที่ต่อสังคม.

सायम्in the evening
सायम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसायम्
Formindeclinable (time-adverb)
प्रातःin the morning
प्रातः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रातः
Formindeclinable (time-adverb)
मनुष्याणाम्of/for humans
मनुष्याणाम्:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमनुष्य
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
अशनम्food; eating (meal)
अशनम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअशन
Formneuter, nominative, singular
देवgod; divine
देव:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
Formmasculine, (compound member)
निर्मितम्made/ordained
निर्मितम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनिर्मित
Formneuter, nominative, singular; past passive participle (नि+√मा/मि 'to measure/build' → निर्मित 'made')
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (negation)
अन्तराin between; during the interval
अन्तरा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअन्तरा
Formindeclinable (adverb/preposition)
भोजनम्eating; a meal
भोजनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभोजन
Formneuter, accusative, singular
दृष्टम्seen; found (as a rule)
दृष्टम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootदृष्ट
Formneuter, nominative, singular; past passive participle (√दृश् 'to see' → दृष्ट 'seen')
उपवासfasting
उपवास:
TypeNoun
Rootउपवास
Formmasculine, (compound member)
विधिःrule; injunction; method
विधिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
Formindeclinable (emphatic/causal particle)
सःhe/that (person)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
Devas (gods)
M
Manushyas (human beings)

Educational Q&A

Maintain disciplined eating—only morning and evening meals, avoiding food in between—so that restraint itself yields the merit associated with fasting; this personal discipline is aligned with the broader dharma of supporting and welcoming others (guests, dependents, kin, and refugees).

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma (Anushasana Parva), he lays down a normative rule of conduct for householders: regulated meal-times as divinely ordained, and the ethical expectation that one’s life be oriented toward protection and hospitality for those connected to or dependent on the householder.