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Shloka 18

वेद: प्रत्यक्षमाचार: प्रमाणं तत्त्रयं यदि । पृथक्त्वं लभ्यते चैषां धर्मश्चैकस्त्रयं कथम्‌

vedaḥ pratyakṣam ācāraḥ pramāṇaṃ tat trayaṃ yadi | pṛthaktvaṃ labhyate caiṣāṃ dharmaś caikaḥ trayaṃ katham ||

หากพระเวท การรับรู้โดยตรง และอาจาระที่สืบถือกันของผู้มีวัฒนธรรม ล้วนเป็นประมานทั้งสามประการ ก็ย่อมได้มาแยกกันคนละทาง แต่ธรรมะมีเพียงหนึ่งเดียว แล้วเหตุใดประมานทั้งสามนี้จึงจะนับเป็นธรรมะ—หรือเป็นอำนาจชี้ขาดธรรมะได้เสมอกัน?

वेदःthe Veda (scripture)
वेदः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रत्यक्षम्direct perception
प्रत्यक्षम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रत्यक्ष
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आचारःconduct; customary practice
आचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रमाणम्means of valid knowledge; authority
प्रमाणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तत्that
तत्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
त्रयम्the triad; the three
त्रयम्:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
पृथक्त्वम्separateness; distinctness
पृथक्त्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृथक्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
लभ्यतेis obtained; is found
लभ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormLat, Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive/Impersonal
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषाम्of these
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
धर्मःdharma; duty/law
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एकःone; single
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रयम्the three (as a set)
त्रयम्:
Karma
TypeNumeral
Rootत्रय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
V
Veda
D
Dharma

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a classic problem in dharma-śāstra: multiple pramāṇas—scripture (Veda), direct experience (pratyakṣa), and the normative conduct of the cultured (ācāra)—are cited as authorities, yet dharma is ultimately one. The question presses for a principle of reconciliation when these sources appear distinct or potentially conflicting.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Yudhiṣṭhira raises a philosophical doubt to the teacher: if three different authorities are admitted for knowing dharma, and each is independently accessible, how can they jointly define a single dharma? He seeks clarification on hierarchy, harmony, or interpretive method among these sources.