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Shloka 1

ऑपनआ का बा 2 एकपज्चाशर्दाधकशततमो< ध्याय: ब्राह्मणोंकी महिमाका वर्णन युधिषछ्िर उवाच के पूज्या: के नमस्कार्या: कथं वर्तेत केषु च । किमाचार: कीदृशेषु पितामह न रिष्यते

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca—ke pūjyāḥ? ke namaskāryāḥ? kathaṁ varteta keṣu ca? kim-ācāraḥ kīdṛśeṣu, pitāmaha, na riṣyate?

ยุธิษฐิระกล่าวว่า—“ท่านปิตามหะ ในโลกนี้ผู้ใดเล่าควรแก่การบูชาอย่างแท้จริง? ควรนอบน้อมคารวะต่อผู้ใด? ควรประพฤติตนอย่างไร และต่อคนประเภทใด? เมื่อคบหาหรือเกี่ยวข้องกับคนเช่นใด ควรยึดถือจริยาวัตรแบบใดจึงจะไม่ก่อให้เกิดโทษหรือความเสื่อมเสียทางธรรม?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
केwho (plural)
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पूज्याःworthy of worship/honour
पूज्याः:
TypeAdjective
Rootपूज्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
केwho (plural)
के:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नमस्कार्याःworthy of salutation
नमस्कार्याः:
TypeAdjective
Rootनमस्कार्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
वर्तेतshould behave / should conduct oneself
वर्तेत:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
केषुtowards/in the case of whom
केषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
आचारःconduct, practice
आचारः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कीदृशेषुamong what kind of people
कीदृशेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootकीदृश
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
पितामहO grandsire (Bhīṣma)
पितामह:
TypeNoun
Rootपितामह
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रिष्यतेis harmed / perishes / goes wrong
रिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootरिष्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

युधिषछ्िर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
P
Pitāmaha (Bhīṣma)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: how to recognize those worthy of honor and how to choose appropriate conduct toward different kinds of people so that one avoids harm—socially, ethically, and spiritually.

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma (as ‘Grandfather’) and asks for guidance on whom to revere and salute and how to behave toward various people—introducing Bhīṣma’s ensuing instruction on the greatness and proper honoring of the virtuous (notably brāhmaṇas in this chapter’s theme).