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Shloka 107

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

अन्निहोत्र, पितरोंका पूजन (श्राद्ध) और पंचमहा-यज्ञोंका अनुष्ठान यह उनका मुख्य धर्म कहा जाता है ।।

agnihotraṃ pitṝṇāṃ pūjanaṃ (śrāddhaṃ) ca pañcamahāyajñānām anuṣṭhānam—eṣa teṣāṃ mukhyo dharmaḥ kathyate. eṣa cakracaraiḥ devi devalokacarair dvijaiḥ ṛṣidharmaḥ sadā cīrṇo yo ’nyas tam api me śṛṇu, devi.

พระมหेशวรตรัสว่า “การบูชาอัคนิโหตระ การสักการะบรรพชนด้วยศราทธะ และการประกอบปัญจมหายัชญะทั้งห้า—สิ่งเหล่านี้ประกาศว่าเป็นธรรมะหลักของพวกเขา. โอ้เทวี ธรรมะแห่งฤๅษีนี้เหล่าพราหมณ์ผู้เวียนไปดุจจักรและผู้พำนักในเทวโลกได้ปฏิบัติสืบมาโดยตลอด. นอกจากนี้ ยังมีธรรมะอีกประการหนึ่งของเหล่าฤๅษี—โอ้เทวี จงฟังจากเราเถิด.”

एषःthis
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चक्रचरैःby those who move like a wheel (i.e., ever-circling)
चक्रचरैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootचक्रचर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
देविO goddess
देवि:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular
देवलोकचरैःby those who move in / dwell in the world of the gods
देवलोकचरैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवलोकचर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
द्विजैःby the twice-born (brahmins)
द्विजैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
ऋषिधर्मःthe rishi-duty / sages' dharma
ऋषिधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋषिधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
चीर्णःpractised / observed
चीर्णः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootचर्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwhich / who
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्यःanother
अन्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तम्that (one)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिalso / even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
मेof me / from me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
शृणुhear (listen)
शृणु:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formलोट् (imperative), Second, Singular, Parasmaipada
देविO goddess
देवि:
Sambodhana
TypeNoun
Rootदेवी
FormFeminine, Vocative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Mahādeva/Śiva)
D
Devī (the Goddess, addressed as Devi)
D
Dvija (Brahmins/twice-born)
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
D
Devaloka (world of the gods)
A
Agnihotra
Ś
Śrāddha
P
Pañcamahāyajñas

Educational Q&A

The verse identifies a foundational dharma centered on daily and periodic sacred obligations: maintaining the fire-rite (Agnihotra), honoring ancestors through śrāddha, and performing the five great sacrifices. It frames these as the primary ethical-religious duties sustaining cosmic and social order, and then signals that an additional rishi-duty will be taught next.

Śrī Maheśvara is instructing Devī. He describes the long-established practice of certain Brahmins—portrayed as celestial-ranging and cyclical in movement—who have consistently observed rishi-dharma. He then transitions to introduce another aspect of the seers’ dharma to be explained subsequently.