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Shloka 5

Viṣṇu-sahasranāma—Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Recitation (विष्णोर्नामसहस्रम्)

अश्रद्दधानो मानी च ब्रह्महा गुरुतल्पग: । असम्भाष्या हि चत्वारो नैषां धर्म: प्रकाशयेत्‌

aśraddadhāno mānī ca brahmahā gurutalpagaḥ | asambhāṣyā hi catvāro naiṣāṃ dharmaḥ prakāśayet ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า ผู้ไร้ศรัทธา ผู้โอหัง ผู้ฆ่าพราหมณ์ และผู้ล่วงละเมิดเตียงของครู (คือคบชู้กับภรรยาของครู)—ทั้งสี่นี้ไม่ควรแม้แต่สนทนาด้วย ต่อหน้าคนเช่นนี้ไม่พึงเปิดเผยหลักและแก่นลับแห่งธรรม

अश्रद्दधानःfaithless, without श्रद्धा
अश्रद्दधानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअश्रद्दधान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मानीproud, self-conceited
मानी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमानिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्रह्महाslayer of a Brahmin
ब्रह्महा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्महन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुतल्पगःone who goes to the गुरु’s bed (violator of teacher’s wife)
गुरुतल्पगः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरुतल्पग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असम्भाष्याःnot to be spoken to
असम्भाष्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअसम्भाष्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
चत्वारःfour
चत्वारः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एषाम्of these
एषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
धर्मःdharma; righteous teaching
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रकाशयेत्should reveal, should make known
प्रकाशयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र+काश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
dharma
B
brāhmaṇa
G
guru

Educational Q&A

Dharma-instruction requires receptivity and moral eligibility. Bhīṣma lists four types—faithless, arrogant, brahmaṇa-slayer, and violator of the guru’s wife—as unfit recipients; one should neither engage them in intimate discourse nor disclose dharma’s deeper counsel to them.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s didactic setting, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on righteous conduct. Here he gives a rule of discernment about audience: certain gravely compromised persons should be avoided in conversation and excluded from confidential dharma-teaching.