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Shloka 14

Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: On the Superiority of Giving

Maitreya–Vyāsa Exemplum

दुःखं हि मृत्युर्थूतानां जीवितं च सुदुर्लभम्‌ | अतो भीत: पलायामि गच्छेयं ना सुखं सुखात्‌,प्राणियोंके लिये मृत्यु बड़ी दुःखदायिनी होती है। अपना जीवन सबको अत्यन्त दुर्लभ जान पड़ता है। अतः डरकर भागा जा रहा हूँ। कहीं ऐसा न हो कि मैं सुखसे दुःखमें पड़ जाऊँ

duḥkhaṁ hi mṛtyur bhūtānāṁ jīvitaṁ ca sudurlabham | ato bhītaḥ palāyāmi gaccheyaṁ nā sukhaṁ sukhāt |

สำหรับสรรพสัตว์ ความตายนั้นเป็นทุกข์ใหญ่แท้จริง และชีวิตก็ได้มายากยิ่ง ฉะนั้นด้วยความหวาดกลัว ข้าจึงหลบหนีไป—เกรงว่าจะตกจากความผาสุกลงสู่ความทุกข์ยาก

दुःखम्sorrowful/ painful (thing)
दुःखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
मृत्युःdeath
मृत्युः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भूतानाम्of beings/creatures
भूतानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootभूत
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
जीवितम्life
जीवितम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजीवित
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुदुर्लभम्very hard to obtain
सुदुर्लभम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदुर्लभ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अतःtherefore/from that reason
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
भीतःafraid
भीतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootभीत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पलायामिI flee/run away
पलायामि:
TypeVerb
Rootपलाय्
FormPresent, Indicative, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
गच्छेयम्I might go
गच्छेयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPresent, Optative, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
सुखम्happiness/comfort
सुखम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सुखात्from happiness/comfort
सुखात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootसुख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular

कीट उवाच

K
kīṭa (the insect/worm; speaker)
B
bhūtāni (living beings/creatures)
M
mṛtyu (death)
J
jīvita (life)

Educational Q&A

Life is rare and precious for all beings; recognizing the suffering associated with death encourages compassion and restraint, supporting an ethic of non-harm (ahiṁsā) and respect for even small creatures.

The speaker, a kīṭa (insect/worm), explains why it is fleeing: out of fear that it may be killed and thus fall from a moment of safety into suffering, emphasizing the universal instinct to preserve life.