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Shloka 54

Adhyāya 119: Vyāsa–Kīṭa-saṃvāda

Tapas-bala and karmic ascent across yoni

कौमुदे तु विशेषेण शुक्लपक्षे नराधिप । वर्जयेन्मधुमांसानि धर्मों ह्वात्र विधीयते,नरेश्वर! विशेषतः शरदऋतु, शुक्लपक्षमें मद्य और मांसका सर्वथा त्याग कर दे; क्योंकि ऐसा करनेमें धर्म होता है

kaumude tu viśeṣeṇa śuklapakṣe narādhipa | varjayen madhumāṁsāni dharmo hy atra vidhīyate || nareśvara viśeṣataḥ śaradṛtau śuklapakṣe madyaṁ māṁsaṁ ca sarvathā tyajet; evaṁ kartari dharmo bhavati ||

ข้าแต่องค์นราธิป โดยเฉพาะในปักษ์สว่างแห่งฤดูสารท พึงงดเว้นสุราและเนื้อโดยสิ้นเชิง เพราะในข้อปฏิบัตินี้เอง ธรรมะได้ถูกบัญญัติไว้

कौमुदेin the autumn season (Kaumuda)
कौमुदे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकौमुद
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
विशेषेणespecially
विशेषेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविशेष
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
शुक्लपक्षेin the bright fortnight
शुक्लपक्षे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशुक्लपक्ष
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
नराधिपO king
नराधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootनराधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वर्जयेत्should avoid/should abstain from
वर्जयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवृज् (वर्जने)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मधुliquor/mead
मधु:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमधु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
मांसानिmeats
मांसानि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमांस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
धर्मःdharma/merit
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिfor/indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
अत्रhere/in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
विधीयतेis enjoined/is prescribed
विधीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootधा (विधाने) / विधा (विधीयते)
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada (Passive)
नरेश्वरO lord of men (king)
नरेश्वर:
TypeNoun
Rootनरेश्वर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
N
narādhipa/nareśvara (the king addressed, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira)
Ś
śuklapakṣa (bright fortnight)
Ś
śaradṛtu/kaumuda (autumn season)
M
madya (liquor)
M
māṁsa (meat)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma teaches seasonal and lunar-discipline as a form of dharma: during the autumn season—particularly in the bright fortnight—one should practice restraint by abstaining from intoxicants and meat, because such self-control is explicitly enjoined as righteous conduct.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues instructing the king (Yudhiṣṭhira) on dharma. Here he gives a specific practical rule of conduct tied to time (śarad season and śukla pakṣa), recommending complete avoidance of liquor and meat as a meritorious observance.