Shloka 45

Adhyāya 119: Vyāsa–Kīṭa-saṃvāda

Tapas-bala and karmic ascent across yoni

Devanagari script

आहर्ता चानुमन्ता च विशस्ता क्रयविक्रयी । संस्कर्ता चोपभोक्ता च खादका: सर्व एव ते

Transliteration

āhartā cānumantā ca viśastā krayavikrayī | saṃskartā copabhoktā ca khādakāḥ sarva eva te ||

Translation

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า “ผู้ที่นำสัตว์มาเพื่อการฆ่า ผู้ที่ให้ความยินยอม ผู้ที่ลงมือฆ่า ผู้ที่ซื้อขาย ผู้ที่ปรุง และผู้ที่กิน—ทั้งหมดนี้พึงนับว่าเป็น ‘ผู้กิน’ คือผู้ร่วมกระทำการนั้น และต่างมีส่วนร่วมในบาปที่เกิดจากการพรากชีวิตเพื่อเป็นอาหาร”

Word by Word

• आहर्ता: the bringer (of the animal for slaughter)
• आहर्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आहर्तृ (आ-हृ धातु से कर्तृ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अनुमन्ता: the permitter/approver
• अनुमन्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अनुमन्तृ (अनु-√मन् धातु से कर्तृ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• विशस्ता: the killer/slaughterer
• विशस्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विशस्तृ (√शस्/शंस् धातु से; यहाँ ‘वधकर्ता/हिंसक’ अर्थ में प्रचलित)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• क्रयविक्रयी: the buyer-and-seller (dealer)
• क्रयविक्रयी: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रय-विक्रयिन् (क्रय + विक्रय; -इन् प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• संस्कर्ता: the preparer/cooker
• संस्कर्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: संस्कर्तृ (सम्-√कृ धातु से कर्तृ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• उपभोक्ता: the consumer/enjoyer
• उपभोक्ता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: उपभोक्तृ (उप-√भुज् धातु से कर्तृ-प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• खादकाः: eaters
• खादकाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: खादक (√खाद् धातु से -क प्रत्यय)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• सर्वे: all
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• एव: indeed/only
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव

• ते: they
• ते: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Moral responsibility for violence is collective: procuring, permitting, killing, trading, cooking, and eating are all treated as participation in the same harmful act, so the ethical and karmic burden is shared.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma, he explains the ethical chain behind animal slaughter for food, identifying every role in the process as complicit, not only the person who performs the killing.