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Shloka 20

Adhyāya 119: Vyāsa–Kīṭa-saṃvāda

Tapas-bala and karmic ascent across yoni

आत्मौपम्येन मन्तव्यं बुद्धिमद्धिः कृतात्मभि: । मृत्युतो भयमस्तीति विदुषां भूतिमिच्छताम्‌

ātmaupamyena mantavyaṃ buddhimadbhiḥ kṛtātmabhiḥ | mṛtyuto bhayam astīti viduṣāṃ bhūtim icchatām ||

ภีษมะกล่าวว่า—ผู้มีปัญญาและผู้ฝึกตนแล้วพึงใคร่ครวญโดยเทียบตนเป็นประมาณ คือเห็นสรรพชีวิตเสมือนตนเอง แม้บัณฑิตผู้ปรารถนาความผาสุกแก่ตนก็ยังมีความกลัวต่อความตาย แล้วสัตว์ผู้บริสุทธิ์ แข็งแรง และใคร่จะมีชีวิตอยู่เล่า จะไม่หวาดกลัวได้อย่างไร เมื่อถูกคนบาปผู้เลี้ยงชีพด้วยเนื้อสัตว์ฆ่าอย่างบังคับ

आत्मौपम्येनby self-comparison / by considering oneself as the standard
आत्मौपम्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootआत्म-उपम्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मन्तव्यम्should be thought/considered
मन्तव्यम्:
TypeVerb
Rootमन्तव्य
FormGerundive (obligative), Singular
बुद्धिमद्भिःby the intelligent (people)
बुद्धिमद्भिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootबुद्धिमत्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
कृतात्मभिःby the self-controlled / purified-souled
कृतात्मभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
मृत्युतःfrom death
मृत्युतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
भयम्fear
भयम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis/exists
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular
इतिthus/that
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
विदुषाम्of the learned
विदुषाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootविद्वस्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भूतिम्welfare/prosperity
भूतिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभूति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
इच्छताम्of those desiring
इच्छताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormPresent participle (parasmaipada), Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

Use ātmaupamya—placing oneself in another’s position—as an ethical test: since everyone fears death and seeks well-being, one should not cause fear and harm to other living beings, especially the innocent.

In Anushasana Parva, Bhishma is instructing Yudhishthira on dharma and right conduct. Here he argues from a universal human experience—fear of death—to ground compassion toward all creatures and to condemn violent killing driven by appetite or livelihood.