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Shloka 30

Gautama–Śakra Saṃvāda: Karma, Loka-bheda, and the Restoration of the Elephant

धृतराष्ट उवाच ये दानशीला न प्रतिगृह्नते सदा नचाप्यर्थाक्षाददते परेभ्य: | येषामदेयमर्हते नास्ति किंचित्‌ सर्वातिथ्या: सुप्रसादा जनाश्व

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | ye dānaśīlā na pratigṛhṇate sadā na cāpy arthākṣād adate parebhyaḥ | yeṣām adeyam arhate nāsti kiñcit sarvātithyāḥ suprasādā janāś ca ||

ธฤตราษฏระกล่าวว่า “โอ้มหาฤๅษี! ผู้ใดตั้งมั่นในการให้ทานแต่ไม่เคยรับทาน ผู้ใดไม่ฉวยเอาทรัพย์ของผู้อื่นด้วยกำลังหรือการบีบบังคับ ผู้ใดเมื่อมีผู้ควรรับอยู่เบื้องหน้าแล้ว ย่อมไม่ถือว่าสิ่งใดเป็น ‘ของที่ไม่ควรให้’ ผู้ใดต้อนรับแขกทุกคนและมีเมตตาต่อชนทั้งปวง—มหาตมะผู้เป็นดุจอันนสัตรอันมีชีวิต เป็นที่พึ่งแห่งอาหารและบุญแก่สาธารณะ ย่อมบรรลุโสมโลก แต่สำหรับธฤตราษฏระ แม้แดนนั้นก็ไม่อาจไปถึงได้”

धृतराष्ट्रःDhṛtarāṣṭra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दानशीलाःhabitually charitable
दानशीलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदानशील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रतिगृह्णन्तिaccept (in return)
प्रतिगृह्णन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रतिग्रह् (ग्रह्)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
nor
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अर्थात्from wealth/for gain
अर्थात्:
Apadana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअर्थ
अक्षात्from gambling/dice
अक्षात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअक्ष
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
ददतेgive
ददते:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
परेभ्यःto others
परेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootपर
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
येषाम्of whom
येषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अदेयम्not-to-be-given (ungivable)
अदेयम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअदेय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अर्हतेis fitting/exists as (is found)
अर्हते:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
किञ्चित्anything
किञ्चित्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिञ्चित्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सर्वातिथ्याःhospitable to all (treating all as guests)
सर्वातिथ्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्वातिथ्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सुप्रसादाःvery gracious/kindly disposed
सुप्रसादाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसुप्रसाद
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

धृतराष्ट उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Soma-loka (Somaloka)
M
Mahārṣi (addressed sage, unnamed in the verse)

Educational Q&A

The verse praises a dharmic ideal: give consistently, do not accept gifts for oneself, do not seize others’ wealth, and treat every person as a guest with kindness. Such conduct generates puṇya leading to heavenly attainment (Somaloka), while moral failure can bar one even from that reward.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra addresses a great sage and reflects on the destiny of the truly charitable and hospitable. In the surrounding discourse of Anuśāsana Parva, this functions as an ethical evaluation of conduct and its posthumous results, with Dhṛtarāṣṭra implicitly contrasting himself with the praised ideal.