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Shloka 22

Āśramadharma and the Marks of the Muni

Yayāti–Aṣṭaka Saṃvāda

कथं ज्येष्ठानतिक्रम्प कनीयान्‌ राज्यमर्हति । एतत्‌ सम्बोधयामस्त्वां धर्म त्वं प्रतिपालय,'ज्येष्ठ पुत्रोंका उल्लंघन करके छोटा पुत्र राज्यका अधिकारी कैसे हो सकता है? हम आपको इस बातका स्मरण दिला रहे हैं। आप धर्मका पालन कीजिये”

kathaṁ jyeṣṭhān atikramya kanīyān rājyam arhati | etat sambodhayāmas tvāṁ dharma tvaṁ pratipālaya ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “บุตรผู้น้องจะมีสิทธิ์ในราชสมบัติได้อย่างไร หากก้าวล่วงบุตรผู้พี่ทั้งหลาย? เรากำลังเตือนท่านถึงข้อนี้เอง—จงธำรงธรรม และประพฤติตามลำดับอันชอบธรรมเถิด”

कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
ज्येष्ठान्elders / elder (sons)
ज्येष्ठान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अतिक्रम्यhaving overstepped / bypassing
अतिक्रम्य:
TypeVerb
Rootअति-क्रम्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada
कनीयान्the younger (son)
कनीयान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकनीयस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राज्यम्kingdom
राज्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराज्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अर्हतिdeserves / is entitled to
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एतत्this (matter)
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सम्बोधयामःwe remind / we make (you) understand
सम्बोधयामः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-बुध्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Plural, Parasmaipada
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormAccusative, Singular
धर्मम्dharma / righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
प्रतिपालयprotect / पालन करो
प्रतिपालय:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-पाल्
FormImperative (Lot), 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana

Educational Q&A

The verse stresses dharma in political order: legitimate rule should not be obtained by violating the rightful precedence of elders; one must uphold moral and customary law in matters of succession.

Vaiśampāyana reports an admonition directed at a decision about kingship: the speaker questions how a younger son could claim the kingdom by setting aside elder sons, and urges adherence to dharma.