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Shloka 19

Ruru–Pramadvarā: Lineage, Fosterage, Betrothal, and the Snakebite Crisis (Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 8)

स तस्या: सम्प्रमत्तायाश्वोदित: कालधर्मणा । विषोपलिप्तान्‌ दशनान्‌ भृशमड़े न्यपातयत्‌,उस समय कालधर्मसे प्रेरित हुए उस सर्पने उस असावधान कन्याके अंगमें बड़े जोरसे अपने विषभरे दाँत गड़ा दिये

sa tasyāḥ sampramattāyāś coditaḥ kāladharmaṇā | viṣopaliptān daśanān bhṛśam aṅge nyapātayat ||

ครั้นแล้ว ด้วยกฎอันไม่อาจต้านของกาละ งูนั้นเห็นนางเผลอ จึงพุ่งกัดอย่างรุนแรง ปักเขี้ยวที่ชโลมพิษลงในกายของนาง

सःhe (that one)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तस्याःof her
तस्याः:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
सम्प्रमत्तायाःof the heedless/unsuspecting (woman)
सम्प्रमत्तायाः:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्प्रमत्त
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
उदितःarisen/impelled
उदितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउदित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कालधर्मणाby the law/ordainment of Time (fate)
कालधर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकालधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विषोपलिप्तान्smeared with poison
विषोपलिप्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविष-उपलिप्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दशनान्teeth/fangs
दशनान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदशन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भृशम्violently, greatly
भृशम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभृशम्
अङ्गेin/on the body (a limb)
अङ्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
न्यपातयत्he caused to fall/struck down; drove in
न्यपातयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

शौनक उवाच

Ś
Śaunaka
S
serpent (nāga/sarpa)
M
maiden (kanyā)
P
poison (viṣa)
F
fangs/teeth (daśana)
T
Time / Kāla (kāladharma)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the power of kāla (Time) as an impersonal force that brings about events, and it cautions against sampramāda (carelessness). Ethical reflection centers on vigilance and responsibility, since negligence can open the way for harm that arrives swiftly and decisively.

Śaunaka describes a moment when a serpent, impelled by kāladharma, attacks an unsuspecting maiden and drives its poison-coated fangs into her body, causing sudden injury through a forceful bite.