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Shloka 1

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 68 — Sarvadamana’s Childhood and Śakuntalā’s Claim at Court

/ है अर छा | अर-क्रा् - “अत्रि” शब्दसे यहाँ सूर्यको ग्रहण किया गया है। नीलकण्ठने भी यही अर्थ लिया है। अष्टषष्टितमो< ध्याय: राजा दुष्यन्तकी अद्भुत शक्ति तथा राज्यशासनकी क्षमताका वर्णन जनमेजय उवाच त्वत्त: श्रुतमिदं ब्रह्मन्‌ देवदानवरक्षसाम्‌ । अंशावतरणं सम्यग गन्धर्वाप्सरसां तथा,जनमेजय बोले--ब्रह्मन! मैंने आपके मुखसे देवता, दानव, राक्षस, गन्धर्व तथा अप्सराओंके अंशावतरणका वर्णन अच्छी तरह सुन लिया

janamejaya uvāca | tvattaḥ śrutam idaṃ brahman devadānavarakṣasām | aṃśāvataraṇaṃ samyag gandharvāpsarasāṃ tathā ||

ชนเมชัยยะกล่าวว่า “โอ พราหมณ์ ข้าพเจ้าได้สดับจากท่านโดยชัดแจ้งแล้ว ถึงเรื่องอวตารส่วนหนึ่งอันถูกต้องในหมู่เทพ ดานวะ และรากษส ทั้งในหมู่คันธรรพะและอัปสราเช่นเดียวกัน”

जनमेजयःJanamejaya
जनमेजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजनमेजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
त्वत्तःfrom you
त्वत्तः:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootत्वद्
Form—, Ablative, Singular
श्रुतम्heard
श्रुतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रुत
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ब्रह्मन्O brahmin
ब्रह्मन्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
देवof the gods
देव:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
दानवof the Dānavas
दानव:
TypeNoun
Rootदानव
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
रक्षसाम्of the rākṣasas
रक्षसाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
अंशावतरणम्partial incarnation/descent (as an aspect)
अंशावतरणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअंशावतरण
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
सम्यक्properly, well
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
Formtrue
गन्धर्वof the gandharvas
गन्धर्व:
TypeNoun
Rootगन्धर्व
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
अप्सरसाम्of the apsarases
अप्सरसाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootअप्सरस्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
तथाand also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
Formtrue

जनमेजय उवाच

J
Janamejaya
B
Brahman (the sage addressed; narrator in context, e.g., Vaiśaṃpāyana)
D
Devas
D
Dānavas
R
Rākṣasas
G
Gandharvas
A
Apsarases

Educational Q&A

The verse frames the epic’s cosmological-historical method: extraordinary figures and lineages are explained through aṃśāvataraṇa—partial manifestations across different classes of beings—inviting the listener to see events as morally and metaphysically grounded rather than random.

Janamejaya, continuing his inquiry, acknowledges that he has already heard the account of partial incarnations among devas, dānavas, rākṣasas, gandharvas, and apsarases, and implicitly prepares the sage to proceed to the next topic (the chapter’s focus on royal power and governance, especially concerning King Duṣyanta).