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Shloka 45

Śakuntalā-Janma-Nāmakaraṇa (Birth and Naming of Śakuntalā) | शकुन्तला-जन्म-नामकरणम्

च्यवनं दीप्ततपसं धर्मात्मानं यशस्विनम्‌ । यः स रोषाच्च्युतो गर्भान्मातुर्मोक्षाय भारत,जिसका नाम था च्यवन। महर्षि च्यवनकी तपस्या सदा उद्दीप्त रहती है। वे धर्मात्मा और यशस्वी हैं। भारत! वे अपनी माताको संकटसे बचानेके लिये रोषपूर्वक गर्भसे च्युत हो गये थे (इसीलिये च्यवन कहलाये)

cyavanaṁ dīptatapasaṁ dharmātmānaṁ yaśasvinam | yaḥ sa roṣāccyuto garbhān mātur mokṣāya bhārata ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า—ผู้นั้นชื่อ จยวนะ ผู้มีตบะเรืองรองดุจเปลวไฟ เป็นผู้ทรงธรรมและมีเกียรติยศ โอ ภารตะ! เพื่อปลดเปลื้องมารดาจากภัย เขาได้หลุดออกจากครรภ์ด้วยความกริ้ว จึงได้ชื่อว่า ‘จยวนะ’

च्यवनम्Cyavana (name), (as) object of (describing/mentioning)
च्यवनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootच्यवन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दीप्त-तपसम्of blazing austerity
दीप्त-तपसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदीप्ततपस्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धर्म-आत्मानम्righteous-souled
धर्म-आत्मानम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मात्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यशस्विनम्glorious, renowned
यशस्विनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयशस्विन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रोषात्from anger; out of wrath
रोषात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरोष
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
च्युतःfallen, slipped out
च्युतः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootच्युत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गर्भात्from the womb
गर्भात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगर्भ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
मातुःof (his) mother
मातुः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
मोक्षायfor the release/deliverance
मोक्षाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमोक्ष
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
भारतO Bharata
भारत:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
C
Cyavana
B
Bhārata (Janamejaya)
C
Cyavana’s mother (unnamed here)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights dharma expressed through protective responsibility: spiritual power (tapas) and righteousness are not merely inward virtues but can be directed toward safeguarding others—here, a son’s urgent resolve to deliver his mother from danger. It also implies that intense emotion, when aligned with a righteous aim, can become a force for protection rather than mere aggression.

Vaiśampāyana identifies the sage Cyavana and describes his qualities—radiant austerity, righteousness, and fame—then explains the origin of his name: he ‘fell forth’ (cyutaḥ) from his mother’s womb in anger to secure his mother’s deliverance (mokṣa) from a threatening situation.