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Shloka 21

Duḥṣanta at Kaṇva-Āśrama; Śakuntalā’s Reception and Origin Prelude (दुःषन्तस्य कण्वाश्रमागमनम्)

जिसे सब लोग भगवान्‌ शंकरके पार्षद श्रीमान्‌ महाकालके नामसे जानते हैं। भारत! दनुके चौंतीस पुत्र हुए, जो सर्वत्र विख्यात हैं

yaṃ sarve lokā bhagavataḥ śaṅkarasya pārṣadaṃ śrīmantaṃ mahākāla-nāmnā jānanti | bhārata! dānaveḥ catustriṃśat putrā babhūvuḥ, ye sarvatra vikhyātāḥ ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “ผู้ซึ่งชนทั้งปวงรู้จักกันในนาม ‘มหากาล’ อันรุ่งเรือง ผู้เป็นบริวารใกล้ชิดแห่งพระผู้เป็นเจ้า ศังกร—โอ ภารตะ—ดนุมีบุตรชายสามสิบสี่องค์ เลื่องลือไปทั่วทุกทิศ”

यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
लोकाःpeople
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भगवत्of the Lord
भगवत्:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शङ्करस्यof Śaṅkara (Śiva)
शङ्करस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootशङ्कर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पार्षदम्attendant, follower
पार्षदम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्षद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
श्रीमतःof the illustrious
श्रीमतः:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रीमत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
महाकालस्यof Mahākāla
महाकालस्य:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootमहाकाल
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
नाम्नाby the name
नाम्ना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
जानन्तिknow
जानन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
भारतO Bhārata
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दनोःof Danu
दनोः:
Sambandha
TypeNoun
Rootदनु
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
चतुस्त्रिंशत्thirty-four
चतुस्त्रिंशत्:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootचतुस्त्रिंशत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुत्राःsons
पुत्राः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अभवन्were, came to be
अभवन्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वत्रeverywhere
सर्वत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वत्र
विख्याताःwell-known, renowned
विख्याताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-ख्यात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
Ś
Śaṅkara (Śiva)
M
Mahākāla
B
Bhārata (address to Janamejaya)
D
Danu
D
Dānavas

Educational Q&A

The verse situates moral and cosmic history through lineage: beings and their reputations are traced to divine associations and ancestral origins, reminding the listener that power and fame arise within an ordered mythic genealogy under divine oversight.

Vaiśampāyana continues a genealogical account: he identifies an illustrious figure known as Mahākāla, an attendant of Śiva, and then states that Danu bore thirty-four sons who became widely renowned (the Dānavas).