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Shloka 1

शृङ्गिशापः—तक्षककाश्यपसंवादः (Śṛṅgī’s Curse and the Takṣaka–Kāśyapa Dialogue)

उग्रश्रवाजी कहते हैं--शौनकजी! यह सुनकर जरत्कारु अत्यन्त शोकमें मग्न हो गये और दु:खसे आँसू बहाते हुए गदगद वाणीमें अपने पितरोंसे बोले

Ugraśravā uvāca—śaunaka! etac chrutvā jaratkāruḥ paramaduḥkhena śokamagnaḥ san aśrubhiḥ pariplutaḥ gadgadāṃ vācaṃ kṛtvā svapitṝn prati uvāca.

อุครศรวาสกล่าวว่า “โอ้ เชานกะ ครั้นได้ฟังดังนั้น ชรัตการุก็ถูกความโศกอันยิ่งใหญ่ครอบงำ น้ำตาแห่งทุกข์เอ่อท่วมดวงตา และด้วยถ้อยคำสั่นเครือ เขาจึงกล่าวต่อบรรพชนของตน”

उग्रश्रवाःUgraśravas (the narrator)
उग्रश्रवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउग्रश्रवस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
शौनकO Śaunaka
शौनक:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootशौनक
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive), Active
जरत्कारुःJaratkāru
जरत्कारुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजरत्कारु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अत्यन्तम्exceedingly
अत्यन्तम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्यन्त
शोकेin grief
शोके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootशोक
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मग्नःimmersed, sunk
मग्नः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमग्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle)
अभवत्became
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
दुःखात्from sorrow
दुःखात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अश्रूणिtears
अश्रूणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअश्रु
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
मुञ्चन्letting fall, shedding
मुञ्चन्:
TypeVerb
Rootमुच्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
गद्गदयाwith faltering (choked) (voice)
गद्गदया:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootगद्गद
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
वाचाwith speech/voice
वाचा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
पितॄन्the forefathers
पितॄन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
उवाचspoke (to)
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada

तक्षक उवाच

उग्रश्रवा (Ugraśravas/Sauti)
शौनक (Śaunaka)
जरत्कारु (Jaratkāru)
पितरः / पितृगण (the ancestors/Pitṛs)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights pitṛ-dharma: responsibility toward one’s forefathers and the continuity of lineage. It suggests that spiritual striving does not erase ethical obligations; when such duties are neglected or endangered, the result can be intense remorse and a renewed sense of accountability.

The narrator Ugraśravas tells Śaunaka that Jaratkāru, upon hearing distressing news connected with his ancestors, becomes grief-stricken. Weeping and speaking with a choked voice, he turns to address his forefathers directly, setting up the ensuing dialogue and the actions he must take.