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Shloka 20

Garuḍa Learns the Cause of Vinatā’s Bondage and the Nāgas Demand Amṛta (Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 23)

त्वमुत्तम: सर्वमिदं चराचरं गभस्तिभिर्भानुरिवावभाससे । समाक्षिपन्‌ भानुमतः प्रभां मुहु- स्त्वमन्तकः सर्वमिदं ध्रुवाध्रुवम्‌,आप उत्तम हैं। जैसे सूर्य अपनी किरणोंसे सबको प्रकाशित करता है, उसी प्रकार आप इस सम्पूर्ण जगत्‌को प्रकाशित करते हैं। आप ही सबका अन्त करनेवाले काल हैं और बारम्बार सूर्यकी प्रभाका उपसंहार करते हुए इस समस्त क्षर और अक्षररूप जगत्‌का संहार करते हैं

tvam uttamaḥ sarvam idaṃ carācaraṃ gabhastibhir bhānur ivāvabhāsase | samākṣipan bhānumataḥ prabhāṃ muhus tvam antakaḥ sarvam idaṃ dhruvādhruvam ||

พระองค์คือผู้สูงสุด. ดุจดังสุริยะที่ส่องสว่างสรรพสิ่งทั้งที่เคลื่อนไหวและที่นิ่งด้วยรัศมีของตน พระองค์ก็ทรงส่องสว่างจักรวาลทั้งมวลฉันนั้น. และพระองค์คือกาลผู้เป็นผู้จบสิ้น; ครั้นทรงดึงกลับแม้กระทั่งรัศมีของสุริยะครั้งแล้วครั้งเล่า พระองค์ทรงยังความสลายให้แก่โลกทั้งสิ้นนี้—ทั้งที่แปรผันและที่ไม่แปรผัน.

त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमःsupreme, best
उत्तमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्all, entire
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
चराचरम्moving and unmoving (all beings)
चराचरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचर-अचर
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
गभस्तिभिःwith rays
गभस्तिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगभस्ति
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
भानुःthe sun
भानुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभानु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
Formtrue
अवभाससेyou shine forth, illumine
अवभाससे:
TypeVerb
Rootअव√भास्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Second, Singular
समाक्षिपन्drawing in, withdrawing
समाक्षिपन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√क्षिप्
FormPresent active participle (Parasmaipada), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
भानुमतःof the radiant one (the sun)
भानुमतः:
Sambandha
TypeAdjective
Rootभानुमत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
प्रभाम्splendour, light
प्रभाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
मुहुःagain and again, repeatedly
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः
Formtrue
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
अन्तकःthe ender; Death/Time
अन्तकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वम्all
सर्वम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ध्रुवाध्रुवम्the fixed and the non-fixed (stable and unstable)
ध्रुवाध्रुवम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootध्रुव-अध्रुव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular

शौनक उवाच

Ś
Śaunaka
B
Bhānu (the Sun)
A
Antaka (Time/Death as cosmic ender)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents the Supreme as both the illuminator (source of knowledge and existence) and as Time/Death (the power of dissolution). It frames reality as dependent on a single ultimate principle that reveals the world and also withdraws it, reminding the listener of impermanence and the need for reverence toward cosmic order.

Śaunaka addresses a revered, supreme being with a hymn-like praise, using the sun as an analogy: just as the sun lights up all beings, the addressed divinity illumines the entire cosmos. He further identifies that same power as Antaka—Time that ends all things—capable of even withdrawing the sun’s radiance and dissolving the whole world.