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Shloka 20

सुभद्राहरणम्

Subhadrā-haraṇa: Arjuna’s Taking of Subhadrā and the Dvārakā Assembly’s Response

अधर्मो वै महानस्तु वने वा मरणं मम । शरीरस्य विनाशेन धर्म एव विशिष्यते,“चाहे राजाके तिरस्कारसे मुझे नियमभंगका महान्‌ दोष प्राप्त हो अथवा वनमें ही मेरी मृत्यु हो जाय तथापि शरीरको नष्ट करके भी गौ-ब्राह्मण-रक्षारूप धर्मका पालन ही श्रेष्ठ है!

adharmo vai mahān astu vane vā maraṇaṁ mama | śarīrasya vināśena dharma eva viśiṣyate |

ไม่ว่าข้าพเจ้าจะต้องรับโทษหนักแห่งอธรรมเพราะฝ่าฝืนกฎด้วยเหตุถูกพระราชาดูหมิ่น หรือแม้ต้องตายในป่า; ถึงกายนี้พินาศไป ธรรมเท่านั้น—โดยเฉพาะการพิทักษ์โคและพราหมณ์—คือหนทางอันสูงส่งกว่า

अधर्मःunrighteousness, adharma
अधर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed, surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
महान्great
महान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अस्तुlet it be
अस्तु:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormImperative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वनेin the forest
वने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवन
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
मरणम्death
मरणम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमरण
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
ममof me, my
मम:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
शरीरस्यof the body
शरीरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootशरीर
FormNeuter, Genitive, Singular
विनाशेनby destruction
विनाशेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविनाश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
धर्मःdharma, righteousness
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एवonly, indeed
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
विशिष्यतेis distinguished, excels
विशिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + शिष्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśaṃpāyana
F
forest (vana)
K
king (rājā, implied in the cited gloss)
C
cow (go, implied in the cited gloss)
B
brāhmaṇa (implied in the cited gloss)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is to be upheld even at severe personal cost; preserving righteous duty is portrayed as superior to bodily survival or social approval.

In Vaiśaṃpāyana’s narration, a speaker resolves to accept either blame for a supposed breach of rule or even death in the forest, insisting that the higher priority is steadfast adherence to dharma (understood in the received tradition here as protection of cows and brāhmaṇas).