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Shloka 2

Sundopasundayoḥ Tapas–Varadāna–Prasaṅgaḥ

Sunda and Upasunda: Austerities and the Boon

पूर्वमेव हि ते सूक्ष्मैरुपायैर्यतितास्त्वया । निग्रहीतुं तदा वीर न चैव शकितास्त्वया,वीर! पहले भी तुमने अनेक गुप्त उपायोंद्वारा पाण्डवोंको दबानेकी चेष्टा की है, परंतु उनपर तुम्हारा वश नहीं चल सका। भूपाल! वे जब बच्चे थे और यहीं तुम्हारे पास रहते थे, उस समय उनके पक्षमें कोई नहीं था, तब भी तुम उन्हें बाधा पहुँचानेमें सफल न हो सके

pūrvam eva hi te sūkṣmair upāyair yatitās tvayā | nigrahītuṃ tadā vīra na caiva śakitās tvayā ||

กรรณะกล่าวว่า “แท้จริงก่อนหน้านี้ท่านก็เคยพยายามด้วยอุบายอันละเอียดและลับเพื่อกดข่มพวกเขา แต่ถึงกระนั้น โอวีรบุรุษ ท่านก็ยังไม่อาจควบคุมพวกเขาได้ แม้เมื่อพวกเขายังเป็นเด็ก อาศัยอยู่ที่นี่ภายใต้อำนาจของท่าน ไร้ฝ่ายสนับสนุนอันเข้มแข็ง ท่านก็ยังไม่อาจทำร้ายหรือกดข่มพวกเขาให้สำเร็จ”

पूर्वम्formerly, earlier
पूर्वम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व
Formindeclinable (temporal adverb)
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formindeclinable (emphatic particle)
हिfor, indeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
Formindeclinable (causal/emphatic particle)
तेof you, your
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formmasc./neut. genitive singular (enclitic)
सूक्ष्मैःby subtle/secret (means)
सूक्ष्मैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootसूक्ष्म
Formmasc./neut. instrumental plural
उपायैःby means, by stratagems
उपायैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootउपाय
Formmasc. instrumental plural
यतिताःwere attempted/striven (to do)
यतिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootयत् (धातु, प्रयत्न)
Formpast passive participle; masc. nominative plural
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Forminstrumental singular
निग्रहीतुम्to restrain, to subdue
निग्रहीतुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-ग्रह् (धातु)
Forminfinitive (tumun)
तदाthen, at that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
Formindeclinable (temporal adverb)
वीरO hero
वीर:
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
Formmasc. vocative singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (negation)
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable (conjunction)
एवindeed, at all
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
Formindeclinable (emphatic particle)
शकिताःwere able
शकिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootशक् (धातु)
Formpast passive participle; masc. nominative plural
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Forminstrumental singular
वीरO hero
वीर:
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
Formmasc. vocative singular

कर्ण उवाच

K
Karna (कर्ण)
D
Duryodhana (implied addressee as 'te' and 'vīra')
P
Pandavas (पाण्डवाः, implied by context of 'them')

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the limits of covert manipulation and unjust suppression: even repeated, subtle schemes may fail against resilient opponents, and ethical reflection is implied—attempts to harm the vulnerable (even as children) are both blameworthy and ultimately ineffective.

Karna addresses Duryodhana, reminding him that earlier attempts to control or crush the Pandavas through secret measures did not succeed. He emphasizes that even when the Pandavas were young and lacked allies, Duryodhana still could not overpower them—implying their strength and the futility of such plots.