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Shloka 2

Adhyāya 196: Droṇa’s Conciliatory Counsel and Karṇa’s Suspicion of Counsel (मन्त्र-नय-विवादः)

ततो यमो दीक्षितस्तत्र राजन्‌ नामारयत्‌ कंचिदपि प्रजानाम्‌ | ततः प्रजास्ता बहुला बभूवु: कालातिपातान्मरणप्रहीणा:,राजन! उस यज्ञकी दीक्षा लेनेके कारण यमराजने मानवप्रजाकी मृत्युका काम बंद कर रखा था। इस प्रकार मृत्युका नियत समय बीत जानेसे सारी प्रजा अमर होकर दिनों-दिन बढ़ने लगी। धीरे-धीरे उसकी संख्या बहुत बढ़ गयी

tato yamo dīkṣitas tatra rājan nāmarayat kañcid api prajānām | tataḥ prajāstā bahulā babhūvuḥ kālātipātān maraṇaprahīṇāḥ ||

ครั้นแล้ว โอ้พระราชา ยมะผู้เข้ารับทิศา (ดีกษา) แห่งยัญพิธีนั้น มิได้ยังความตายให้เกิดแก่ผู้ใดในหมู่มนุษย์ ครั้นกาลอันกำหนดแก่ความตายล่วงเลยไปโดยไม่บังเกิดผล ประชากรทั้งหลายจึงพ้นจากมฤตยู และเพิ่มพูนทวีมากขึ้นทุกวัน

ततःthen/from that time
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
यमःYama (lord of death)
यमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
दीक्षितःinitiated (having taken consecration)
दीक्षितः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदीक्षित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
नामindeed/just (emphatic particle)
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
आरयत्he caused to cease/held back (stopped)
आरयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-रि
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कंचित्anyone/someone
कंचित्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
प्रजानाम्of the creatures/subjects
प्रजानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
प्रजाःthe creatures/people
प्रजाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ताःthose
ताः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
बहुलाःmany/numerous
बहुलाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुल
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
बभूवुःbecame
बभूवुः:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormPerfect, 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
कालातिपातात्from the passing of the (appointed) time
कालातिपातात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकालातिपात
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
मरणप्रहीणाःdevoid of death (freed from dying)
मरणप्रहीणाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमरण-प्रहीण
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
Y
Yama
K
King (rājan)
P
prajāḥ (the people/subjects)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights that even a temporary suspension of a cosmic function (death), when tied to ritual consecration and dharmic constraints, disrupts balance: without mortality, population swells unchecked. It implies that dharma includes maintaining cosmic order, not merely individual benefit.

Vyāsa tells the king that Yama, while under dīkṣā for a sacrificial context, refrained from taking any lives. As the destined times of death passed unused, people effectively became deathless and their numbers increased greatly.