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Shloka 23

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 188 — Draupadī-Vivāha Dharma-Vicāra

Debate on the Legitimacy of One Wife for Five

यौ तौ कुमाराविव कार्तिकेयौ द्वावश्विनेयाविति मे वितर्क: । मुक्ता हि तस्माज्जतुवेश्मदाहा- न्मया श्रुता: पाण्डुसुता: पृथा च,“उनके साथ युगल कार्तिकेय-जैसे जो दो कुमार थे, वे अश्विनीकुमारोंके पुत्र नकुल और सहदेव रहे हैं--ऐसा मेरा अनुमान है; क्योंकि मैंने सुन रखा है कि उस लाक्षागृहके दाहसे पाण्डव और कुन्तीदेवी--सभी बचकर निकल गये थे

yau tau kumārāv iva kārtikeyau dvāv aśvineyāv iti me vitarkaḥ | muktā hi tasmāj jatuveśmadāhān mayā śrutāḥ pāṇḍusutāḥ pṛthā ca ||

ส่วนกุมารทั้งสองที่อยู่กับพวกเขา—ประหนึ่งการ์ตติเกยะคู่—ตามความเห็นของเรา ย่อมเป็นโอรสแห่งอัศวินทั้งสอง คือ นกุลและสหเทวะ เพราะเราได้ยินมาว่า เมื่อเรือนยางรักนั้น (ชตุเวศมะ/ลักษาคฤหะ) ถูกเผา บุตรแห่งปาณฑุพร้อมด้วยปฤถา (กุนตี) ล้วนหนีรอดออกมาได้โดยสวัสดิภาพ

यौwhich (two)
यौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
तौthose (two)
तौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
कुमारौtwo youths/princes
कुमारौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुमार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
कार्तिकेयौtwo (like) Kārttikeya
कार्तिकेयौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकार्तिकेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
द्वौtwo
द्वौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
अश्विनेयौthe two Aśvinī-sons (Nakula and Sahadeva)
अश्विनेयौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्विनेय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
इतिthus (quotative)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
मेof me, my
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
वितर्कःconjecture, inference
वितर्कः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवितर्क
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुक्ताःfreed, escaped
मुक्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमुच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
हिindeed, for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
तस्मात्from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
जतुवेश्मदाहात्from the burning of the lac-house
जतुवेश्मदाहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootजतुवेश्मदाह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
मयाby me
मया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
श्रुताःheard (by me)
श्रुताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootश्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पाण्डुसुताःsons of Pāṇḍu (the Pāṇḍavas)
पाण्डुसुताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डुसुत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पृथाPṛthā (Kuntī)
पृथा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
Kārttikeya (Skanda)
A
Aśvins
N
Nakula
S
Sahadeva
P
Pāṇḍavas (sons of Pāṇḍu)
P
Pāṇḍu
P
Pṛthā (Kuntī)
J
Jatuveśma (lac house)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights prudent inference grounded in reliable testimony: identity and truth are established not by mere appearance but by reasoned judgment supported by what is known (śruti/hearsay here as received report). Ethically, it underscores resilience and the preservation of rightful heirs amid deceitful plots.

The narrator infers that the two impressive youths seen with the group were Nakula and Sahadeva, the Aśvin-twins’ sons, because he has heard that all the Pāṇḍavas and their mother Kuntī escaped the conflagration of the lac house (jatuveśma).