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Shloka 20

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 188 — Draupadī-Vivāha Dharma-Vicāra

Debate on the Legitimacy of One Wife for Five

य एष सिंहर्षभखेलगामी महद्धनुः कर्षति तालमात्रम्‌ । एषोडर्जुनो नात्र विचार्यमस्ति यद्यस्मि संकर्षण वासुदेव:,'भैया संकर्षण! ये जो श्रेष्ठ सिंहके समान चालसे लीलापूर्वक चल रहे हैं और तालके- बराबर विशाल धनुषको खींच रहे हैं, ये अर्जुन ही हैं; इसमें विचार करनेकी कोई बात नहीं है। यदि मैं वासुदेव हूँ तो मेरी यह बात झूठी नहीं है और ये जो बड़े वेगसे वृक्ष उखाड़कर सहसा समस्त राजाओंका सामना करनेके लिये उद्यत हुए हैं, भीमसेन हैं; क्योंकि इस समय पृथ्वीपर भीमसेनके सिवा दूसरा कोई ऐसा वीर नहीं है, जो युद्ध-भूमिमें यह अद्भुत पराक्रम कर सके

ya eṣa siṁharṣabha-khela-gāmī mahad-dhanuḥ karṣati tāla-mātram | eṣo 'rjuno nātra vicāryam asti yady asmi saṅkarṣaṇa vāsudevaḥ ||

โอ้สังกรษณะ! ผู้นั้นผู้ก้าวไปอย่างเริงรื่นดุจราชสีห์ท่ามกลางโคอุสภะ และชักคันศรใหญ่ให้ได้ถึงประมาณหนึ่งตาละ—ผู้นั้นคืออรชุนแน่แท้ ไม่จำต้องไตร่ตรองสงสัย หากเราคือวาสุเทวะแล้ว วาจาของเราย่อมไม่เป็นเท็จ

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
एषःthis (man)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सिंहर्षभखेलगामीmoving playfully with the gait of a lion and a bull
सिंहर्षभखेलगामी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसिंह + ऋषभ + खेल + गामिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महत्great, huge
महत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमहत्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
धनुःbow
धनुः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनुस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कर्षतिdraws, pulls
कर्षति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
तालमात्रम्to the measure of a tāla (a span/measure)
तालमात्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun (used adverbially as measure)
Rootताल + मात्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
एषःthis (man)
एषः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उद्up, forth (prefix)
उद्:
TypeIndeclinable (preverb)
Rootउद्
अर्जुनःArjuna
अर्जुनः:
Karta
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अत्रhere, in this matter
अत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र
विचार्यम्to be considered
विचार्यम्:
TypeVerbal adjective (gerundive)
Rootवि + चर्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अस्तिis
अस्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormPresent, First, Singular, Parasmaipada
संकर्षणO Saṅkarṣaṇa (Balarāma)
संकर्षण:
TypeNoun (proper/vocative)
Rootसंकर्षण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वासुदेवःVāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
वासुदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun (proper)
Rootवासुदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
A
Arjuna
S
Saṅkarṣaṇa (Balarāma)
V
Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)
M
mahaddhanuḥ (mighty bow)
T
tāla (palm-tree/measure)

Educational Q&A

True excellence is recognized by unmistakable signs—composure, effortless strength, and disciplined skill. The speaker underscores truthfulness by invoking a solemn self-attestation (“if I am Vāsudeva”), implying that righteous speech should be firm and reliable.

A figure is identified as Arjuna based on his distinctive, effortless mastery in drawing a powerful bow. The speaker addresses Saṅkarṣaṇa and removes any doubt, emphasizing the certainty of the identification through a strong declaration of truth.