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Shloka 3

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 180 — Svayaṃvara-Virodha and Pāṇḍava Parākrama

Draupadī Episode

यो हि कारणत:ः क्रोध॑ संजातं क्षन्तुमर्हति । नालं स मनुज: सम्यक्‌ त्रिवर्ग परिरक्षितुम्‌,जो किसी कारणवश उत्पन्न हुए क्रोधको सह लेता है, वह मनुष्य धर्म, अर्थ और कामकी रक्षा करनेमें समर्थ नहीं होता ततो वृद्धांश्व बालांश्व राक्षसान्‌ स महामुनि: । ददाह वितते यज्ञे शक्तेव॑ंधमनुस्मरन्‌ उस विस्तृत यज्ञमें अपने पिता शक्तिके वधका बार-बार चिन्तन करते हुए महामुनि पराशरने राक्षसजातिके बूढ़ों तथा बालकोंको भी जलाना आरम्भ किया

Aurva uvāca | yo hi kāraṇataḥ krodhaṃ sañjātaṃ kṣantum arhati | nālaṃ sa manuṣyaḥ samyak trivargaṃ parirakṣitum || tato vṛddhāṃś ca bālāṃś ca rākṣasān sa mahāmuniḥ | dadāha vitate yajñe śakteḥ vadham anusmaran ||

อูรวะกล่าวว่า “ผู้ใดอดกลั้นโทสะที่บังเกิดขึ้นด้วยเหตุใดเหตุหนึ่งแล้วกดไว้ ผู้นั้นย่อมมิอาจพิทักษ์ ‘ตรีวรรค’ คือ ธรรม อรรถ และกาม ได้โดยชอบแท้” ครั้นแล้ว ในพิธียัญอันกว้างใหญ่ มหาฤๅษีปราศระระลึกถึงการถูกสังหารของบิดา ‘ศักติ’ ซ้ำแล้วซ้ำเล่า และเริ่มเผาผลาญพวกรากษส—แม้ทั้งผู้เฒ่าและเด็กน้อย

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
कारणतःfrom a cause/for some reason
कारणतः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
क्रोधम्anger
क्रोधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
संजातम्arisen/produced
संजातम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्+जन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
क्षन्तुम्to endure/forgive
क्षन्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootक्षम्
FormInfinitive
अर्हतिis able/ought
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अलम्sufficient/competent
अलम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअलम्
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मनुजःman/person
मनुजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्यक्properly
सम्यक्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसम्यक्
त्रिवर्गम्the three aims (dharma-artha-kama)
त्रिवर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिवर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परिरक्षितुम्to protect/guard
परिरक्षितुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+रक्ष्
FormInfinitive
ततःthen/thereupon
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
वृद्धान्the old (ones)
वृद्धान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
बालान्the children
बालान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाल
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
राक्षसान्rakshasas/demons
राक्षसान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महामुनिःthe great sage
महामुनिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहामुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ददाहburned
ददाह:
TypeVerb
Rootदह्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
विततेin the extended/spread-out
वितते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootवि+तन्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
यज्ञेin the sacrifice
यज्ञे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शक्तेःof Śakti (his father)
शक्तेः:
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वधम्killing/slaying
वधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवध
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अनुस्मरन्remembering/recollecting
अनुस्मरन्:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु+स्मृ
FormPresent participle, Parasmaipada (active), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

ऑर्व उवाच

A
Aurva
P
Parāśara
Ś
Śakti
R
Rākṣasas
Y
yajña (sacrifice)
T
trivarga (dharma-artha-kāma)

Educational Q&A

The verse links governance of life’s aims (dharma, artha, kāma) with the proper handling of anger: uncontrolled or mismanaged anger undermines one’s capacity to protect these goals. It also warns, by narrative example, that anger rooted in grief and vengeance can expand into indiscriminate harm.

After Aurva’s statement about anger and the trivarga, the story turns to Parāśara: during a large sacrificial rite, he repeatedly remembers his father Śakti’s killing and, driven by that recollection, begins burning the Rākṣasas—without sparing even the elderly and children.