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Shloka 40

कल्माषपाद-शाप-कारणम्

Cause of Kalmāṣapāda’s Niyoga under a Curse

तस्मिंस्तथाविधे काले वर्तमाने सुदारुणे । नावश्याय: पपातोर्व्या तत: सस्यानि नारुहन्‌,ऐसे भयंकर समयमें पृथ्वीपर ओसकी एक बूँदतक न गिरी। परिणाम यह हुआ कि खेती उगती ही नहीं थी

tasmiṁs tathāvidhe kāle vartamāne sudāruṇe | nāvaśyāyaḥ papātorvyā tataḥ sasyāni nāruhan |

วสิษฐะกล่าวว่า—เมื่อกาลอันน่าสะพรึงและกดทับเช่นนั้นมาถึง แม้หยาดน้ำค้างเพียงหยดเดียวก็มิได้ตกต้องแผ่นดิน; ด้วยเหตุนั้นพืชผลจึงไม่งอกขึ้นเลย

तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
तथा-विधेof such a kind
तथा-विधे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतथा-विध
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
कालेat the time
काले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
वर्तमानेwhile occurring/prevailing
वर्तमाने:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Locative, Singular
सुदारुणेvery dreadful
सुदारुणे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसुदारुण
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अवश्यायःdew
अवश्यायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअवश्याय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पपातfell
पपात:
TypeVerb
Rootपत्
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
उर्व्याम्on the earth
उर्व्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootउर्वी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
ततःthereupon/therefore
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
सस्यानिcrops
सस्यानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसस्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अरुहन्grew/sprouted
अरुहन्:
TypeVerb
Rootरुह्
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada

वसिष्ठ उवाच

V
Vasiṣṭha
E
Earth (urvī)
D
Dew (avaśyāya)
C
Crops/grain (sasyāni)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how severe disorder in an age can manifest as ecological collapse: when the sustaining rhythms of nature fail (even dew does not fall), society suffers famine. In Mahābhārata’s ethical frame, such breakdown often signals the consequences of adharma and the need to restore righteous order.

Vasiṣṭha describes a terrifying period of drought: the earth receives no dew at all, and therefore crops fail to sprout. The statement functions as a vivid marker of calamity and scarcity within the surrounding account.