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Shloka 17

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 158 — Aṅgāraparṇa-saṃvāda and Gaṅgā-tīrtha Saṃghaṭṭa

Encounter at the Gaṅgā ford

तां चैदहं न दित्सेयं त्वद्गुणैरुपबृंहिताम्‌ । प्रमथ्यैनां हरेयुस्ते हविर्ध्वाड्क्षा इवाध्वरात्‌,आपके ही उत्तम गुणोंसे सम्पन्न अपनी इस पुत्रीको यदि मैं उन अयोग्य पुरुषोंके हाथमें न देना चाहूँगी तो वे बलपूर्वक इसे उसी प्रकार हर ले जायँगे, जैसे कौए यज्ञसे हविष्यका भाग लेकर उड़ जायेँ

tāṃ caid ahaṃ na ditsyeyaṃ tvad-guṇair upabṛṃhitām | pramathyaināṃ hareyus te havirdhvāṅkṣā ivādhvarāt ||

“และหากข้าปฏิเสธไม่ยกบุตรีผู้นี้—ผู้ได้รับการหล่อเลี้ยงด้วยคุณความดีของท่าน—ให้แก่ชายผู้ไม่สมควรเหล่านั้น เขาย่อมจะฉุดกระชากนางไปด้วยกำลัง ดุจกาโฉบฉกส่วนหวิจากพิธียัญ”

ताम्her/that (woman)
ताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एताम्this (her)
एताम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormCommon, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दित्सेयम्should give / would give
दित्सेयम्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
त्वत्of you/your
त्वत्:
Sambandha
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormCommon, Genitive, Singular
गुणैःby virtues/qualities
गुणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootगुण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
उपबृंहिताम्endowed/strengthened (with)
उपबृंहिताम्:
Karma
TypeParticiple
Rootउप-बृंह्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular, Past passive participle (kta)
प्रमथ्यhaving crushed/overpowered
प्रमथ्य:
TypeIndeclinable (Gerund)
Rootप्र-मथ्
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap)
एनाम्her
एनाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद् (enad-pronoun)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
हरेयुःwould carry off
हरेयुः:
TypeVerb
Rootहृ (हरति)
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
तेfor you/to you
ते:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormCommon, Dative, Singular
हविर्ध्वाःoffering-snatchers (crows etc.)
हविर्ध्वाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहविर्ध्व (हविः + ध्व)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
काक्षाःcrows
काक्षाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
इवlike/as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अध्वरात्from the sacrifice
अध्वरात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootअध्वर
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular

ब्राह्मण उवाच

ब्राह्मण (a Brahmin speaker)
पुत्री (daughter)
अयोग्य पुरुष (unworthy men)
हविः (oblation)
ध्वाङ्क्ष (crows)
अध्वर/यज्ञ (sacrifice)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a dharmic concern: when rightful guardianship and proper eligibility are ignored, the strong may resort to coercion. It condemns unworthy claimants and frames forced seizure as a moral disorder, likened to crows stealing sacred offerings.

A Brahmin explains that if he refuses to give his virtuous daughter to unworthy men, they may abduct her by force—just as crows snatch the oblation from a sacrifice—indicating social pressure and the threat of violence overriding proper marital norms.