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Shloka 21

Adhyāya 123 — Droṇa’s Pedagogy: Arjuna’s Preeminence, Ekalavya’s Self-Training, and the Bhāsa-Lakṣya Trial

दैवे पुरुषकारे च लोको<यं सम्प्रतिष्ठित: । तत्र दैवं तु विधिना कालयुक्तेन लभ्यते,यह संसार दैव तथा पुरुषार्थपर अवलम्बित है। इनमें दैव तभी सुलभ (सफल) होता है, जब समयपर उद्योग किया जाय

daive puruṣakāre ca loko 'yaṃ sampratiṣṭhitaḥ | tatra daivaṃ tu vidhinā kālayuktena labhyate ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า—โลกนี้ตั้งอยู่ด้วยทั้งเทวะ (ชะตา) และปุรุษการ (ความเพียรของมนุษย์) แต่แม้สิ่งที่เรียกว่าเทวะก็จักให้ผลได้ ก็ต่อเมื่อกระทำตามครรลองและประกอบความเพียรให้ถูกกาลเวลา

दैवेin fate / in the divine factor
दैवे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
पुरुषकारेin human effort
पुरुषकारे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुषकार
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
लोकःthe world
लोकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सम्प्रतिष्ठितःis established / rests
सम्प्रतिष्ठितः:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-स्था (सम्प्रतिष्ठित)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
तत्रthere / among them
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
दैवम्fate / the divine factor
दैवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदैव
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तुbut / indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
विधिनाby method / by proper procedure
विधिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
कालयुक्तेनwith (proper) time joined; timely
कालयुक्तेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootकालयुक्त
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
लभ्यतेis obtained / is attained
लभ्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्
FormPresent, Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive (भावे/कर्मणि प्रयोग)

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
L
loka (the world)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a balanced ethic: life is shaped by both daiva (destiny/providence) and puruṣakāra (human effort). Even ‘destiny’ becomes fruitful only when one follows proper means (vidhi) and acts at the right time (kāla).

Vaiśampāyana, in the course of narrating the Mahābhārata, offers a reflective maxim on causality and conduct—framing events as arising from a conjunction of providence and timely, methodical human initiative.