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Shloka 19

Adhyāya 123 — Droṇa’s Pedagogy: Arjuna’s Preeminence, Ekalavya’s Self-Training, and the Bhāsa-Lakṣya Trial

(मघे चन्द्रमसा युक्ते सिंहे चाभ्युदिते गुरौ । दिवामध्यगते सूर्ये तिथौ पुण्ये त्रयोदशे ।। मैत्रे मुहूर्ते सा कुन्ती सुषुवे भीममच्युतम्‌ ।।) यस्मिन्नहनि भीमस्तु जज्ञे भरतसत्तम | दुर्योधनो5पि तत्रैव प्रजज्ञे वसुधाधिप,जब चन्द्रमा मघा नक्षत्रपर विराजमान थे, बृहस्पति सिंह लग्नमें सुशोभित थे, सूर्यदेव दोपहरके समय आकाशके मध्यभागमें तप रहे थे, उस समय पुण्यमयी त्रयोदशी तिथिको मैत्र मुहूर्तमें कुन्तीदेवीने अविचल शक्तिवाले भीमसेनको जन्म दिया था। भरतश्रेष्ठ भूपाल! जिस दिन भीमसेनका जन्म हुआ था, उसी दिन हस्तिनापुरमें दुर्योधनकी भी उत्पत्ति हुई

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

maghe candramasā yukte siṁhe cābhyudite gurau |

divāmadhyagate sūrye tithau puṇye trayodaśe ||

maitre muhūrte sā kuntī suṣuve bhīmam acyutam ||

yasminn ahani bhīmas tu jajñe bharatasattama |

duryodhano 'pi tatraiva prajajñe vasudhādhipa ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า—เมื่อจันทร์ประกอบอยู่กับนักษัตรมฆา เมื่อพฤหัสบดี (คุรุ) ขึ้นในลัคนาสิงห์ และเมื่อสุริยะสถิต ณ เที่ยงวันกลางเวหา—ในวันดิถีที่สิบสามอันเป็นมงคลนั้น ณ ไมตรมุหูรต กุนตีได้ประสูติภีม ผู้มั่นคงด้วยกำลังอันไม่หวั่นไหว โอ้ผู้ประเสริฐแห่งภารตะ ในวันเดียวกันนั้นเองที่ภีมถือกำเนิด ณ หัสตินาปุระ ดุรโยธนะผู้เป็นเจ้าแห่งแผ่นดินก็บังเกิดด้วย

मघेin (the nakshatra) Maghā
मघे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमघा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
चन्द्रमसाby/with the Moon
चन्द्रमसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्रमस्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
युक्तेbeing conjoined/associated
युक्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सिंहेin Leo (sign/lagna)
सिंहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अभ्युदितेhaving risen/being ascendant
अभ्युदिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअभ्युदित
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
गुरौwhen Jupiter (Guru) was (there)
गुरौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
दिवाby day / in daytime
दिवा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootदिव्/दिवा
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
मध्यगतेbeing at the middle (midday)
मध्यगते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमध्यगत
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
सूर्येwhen the Sun was (at mid-heaven)
सूर्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्य
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तिथौon the lunar day (tithi)
तिथौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतिथि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
पुण्येauspicious
पुण्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
त्रयोदशेon the thirteenth (tithi)
त्रयोदशे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रयोदश
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
मैत्रेin the Maitra (named) [muhūrta]
मैत्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमैत्र
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मुहूर्तेat the muhūrta (auspicious time-period)
मुहूर्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमुहूर्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
साshe
सा:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
कुन्तीKuntī
कुन्ती:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुन्ती
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सुषुवेgave birth (bore)
सुषुवे:
TypeVerb
Rootसू
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भीमम्Bhīma
भीमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अच्युतम्unfailing/steadfast
अच्युतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअच्युत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यस्मिन्on which (day)
यस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
अहनिon the day
अहनि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअहन्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
भीमःBhīma
भीमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुindeed/but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
जज्ञेwas born
जज्ञे:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
भरतसत्तमO best of the Bharatas
भरतसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootभरत-सत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दुर्योधनःDuryodhana
दुर्योधनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
प्रजज्ञेwas born (came forth)
प्रजज्ञे:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada, प्र
वसुधाधिपO lord of the earth (king)
वसुधाधिप:
TypeNoun
Rootवसुधा-अधिप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
Kuntī
B
Bhīma (Bhīmasena)
D
Duryodhana
H
Hastināpura
M
Moon (Candra)
S
Sun (Sūrya)
J
Jupiter (Guru/Bṛhaspati)
M
Maghā nakṣatra
S
Siṁha (Leo)
T
Trayodaśī tithi
M
Maitra muhūrta

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how the epic frames human history within a larger cosmic and moral order: the simultaneous births of Bhīma and Duryodhana suggest a destined tension—strength arising both to uphold and to challenge dharma—inviting reflection on how power can serve protection or aggression depending on character and choices.

Vaiśampāyana specifies the astrological and calendrical details of Bhīma’s birth (Maghā nakṣatra, Jupiter risen in Leo, midday Sun, Trayodaśī, Maitra muhūrta) and then states that Duryodhana was born on that very same day in Hastināpura.