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Shloka 16

गान्धारीपुत्रोत्पत्तिः — The Birth of Gāndhārī’s Hundred Sons (and Yuyutsu); Omens and Counsel on Succession

संतापं परमं जग्मुर्मुन॒यस्तपसान्विता: । ते रात्रौ शकुना भूत्वा संनिपत्य तु भारत । दर्शयन्तो यथाशक्ति तमपृच्छन्‌ द्विजोत्तमम्‌,वे प्राण धारण किये रहे और स्मरणमात्र करके ऋषियोंको अपने पास बुलाने लगे। शूलीकी नोकपर तपस्या करनेवाले उन महात्मासे प्रभावित होकर सभी तपस्वी मुनियोंको बड़ा संताप हुआ। वे रातमें पक्षियोंका रूप धारण करके वहाँ उड़ते हुए आये और अपनी शक्तिके अनुसार स्वरूपको प्रकाशित करते हुए उन विप्रवर माण्डव्य मुनिसे पूछने लगे -

santāpaṁ paramaṁ jagmur munayas tapasānvitāḥ | te rātrau śakunā bhūtvā saṁnipatya tu bhārata | darśayanto yathāśakti tam apṛcchan dvijottamam ||

เหล่ามุนีผู้ประกอบด้วยตบะถูกความร้อนรุ่มอันยิ่งใหญ่ครอบงำ โอ้ภารตะ ครั้นยามราตรีพวกเขาแปลงเป็นนกแล้วมาชุมนุม ณ ที่นั้น และสำแดงตนตามกำลังเดชของแต่ละตน แล้วจึงซักถามทวิชผู้ประเสริฐนั้น

संतापम्great distress/torment
संतापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंताप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
परमम्supreme, utmost
परमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जग्मुःwent/attained
जग्मुः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम्
FormPerfect, Third, Plural
मुनयःsages
मुनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तपसाby austerity
तपसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्विताःendowed with, possessed of
अन्विताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्वित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रात्रौat night
रात्रौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरात्रि
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
शकुनाःbirds
शकुनाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशकुन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भूत्वाhaving become
भूत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
संनिपत्यhaving assembled/come together
संनिपत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-नि-पत्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
भारतO Bharata (descendant of Bharata)
भारत:
TypeNoun
Rootभारत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
दर्शयन्तःshowing, manifesting
दर्शयन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
शक्तिpower, ability
शक्ति:
TypeNoun
Rootशक्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अपृच्छन्asked, inquired
अपृच्छन्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ्
FormImperfect, Third, Plural
द्विजोत्तमम्the best of the twice-born (excellent Brahmin)
द्विजोत्तमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज-उत्तम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
J
Janamejaya (implied by address 'Bhārata')
M
munis (ascetic sages)
M
Māṇḍavya (implied by context as the dvijottama being questioned)
B
birds (śakuna)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how powerful ascetics respond to perceived moral disorder: intense inner distress leads them to seek clarification from a realized authority. It frames dharma as something to be investigated through disciplined inquiry, especially when suffering appears disproportionate to apparent fault.

A group of austerity-filled sages, shaken by what they have seen, assemble at night by assuming bird-forms. They reveal themselves as much as their powers allow and question the eminent twice-born sage (contextually Māṇḍavya), initiating a dialogue about the cause and meaning of the situation.