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Shloka 60

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 103 — Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Gāndhārī Vivāha: Proposal, Consent, and the Vow

सत्यवत्या सह मिथ: कृत्वा निश्चयमात्मवान्‌ | विवाहं कारयिष्यन्तं भीष्म॑ं काशिपते: सुता | ज्येष्ठा तासामिदं वाक्यमब्रवीद्धसलती तदा,धर्मज्ञ एवं जितात्मा भीष्मजी इस प्रकार धर्मपूर्वक अलौकिक पराक्रम करके माता सत्यवतीसे सलाह ले एक निश्चयपर पहुँचकर भाई विचित्रवीर्यके विवाहकी तैयारी करने लगे। काशिराजकी उन कन्याओंमें जो सबसे बड़ी थी, वह बड़ी सती-साध्वी थी। उसने जब सुना कि भीष्मजी मेरा विवाह अपने छोटे भाईके साथ करेंगे, तब वह उनसे हँसती हुई इस प्रकार बोली--

vaiśampāyana uvāca | satyavatyā saha mithaḥ kṛtvā niścayam ātmavān | vivāhaṃ kārayiṣyantaṃ bhīṣmaṃ kāśipateḥ sutā | jyeṣṭhā tāsām idaṃ vākyam abravīd dhāsalatī tadā ||

ภีษมะผู้สำรวมตนได้ปรึกษากับสัตยวตีและตกลงกันอย่างมั่นคง แล้วเริ่มจัดพิธีอภิเษกสมรส ครั้นนั้นธิดาองค์ใหญ่ของกษัตริย์กาศีได้กล่าวถ้อยคำนี้แก่ภีษมะด้วยรอยยิ้ม

सत्यवत्याwith Satyavatī
सत्यवत्या:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसत्यवती
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
सहtogether with
सह:
Karana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
मिथःmutually, in consultation
मिथः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथः
कृत्वाhaving done/made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
निश्चयम्a decision, resolve
निश्चयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिश्चय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आत्मवान्self-possessed
आत्मवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्मवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विवाहम्marriage
विवाहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविवाह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
कारयिष्यन्तम्about to cause to be performed / intending to arrange
कारयिष्यन्तम्:
TypeVerb
Rootकारयिष्यत्
Formशतृ (present active participle) with future causative sense, Masculine, Accusative, Singular
भीष्मम्Bhīṣma
भीष्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
काशिपतेःof the lord of Kāśī (king of Kāśī)
काशिपतेः:
TypeNoun
Rootकाशिपति
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
सुताdaughter
सुता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसुत
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ज्येष्ठाeldest
ज्येष्ठा:
TypeAdjective
Rootज्येष्ठ
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
तासाम्of them (of those women)
तासाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
इदम्this
इदम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वाक्यम्speech, words
वाक्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवाक्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said, spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हसतीsmiling/laughing
हसती:
TypeVerb
Rootहस्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Feminine, Nominative, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
S
Satyavatī
B
Bhīṣma
K
King of Kāśī (Kāśipati/Kāśirāja)
E
Eldest Kāśī princess (Amba, implied)
V
Vicitrasena/Vicitravīrya (younger brother, implied by context)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds dharma as disciplined resolve in governance and family duty: Bhīṣma, after consulting Satyavatī, proceeds with a politically proper marriage arrangement. Yet it also sets up an ethical question—whether a dharma-framed royal decision adequately accounts for an individual woman’s prior commitment and agency—an issue that becomes central in the ensuing narrative.

Bhīṣma, having reached a decision with Satyavatī, prepares to arrange a marriage (for his younger brother). The eldest princess of Kāśī, smiling, begins to speak to Bhīṣma after hearing that he plans to marry her to his brother—introducing her objection and the conflict that follows.