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Shloka 16

Ādi Parva, Adhyāya 103 — Dhṛtarāṣṭra–Gāndhārī Vivāha: Proposal, Consent, and the Vow

स्वयंवरं तु राजन्या: प्रशंसन्त्युपयान्ति च | प्रमथ्य तु हृतामाहुज्यायसीं धर्मवादिन:,"क्षत्रिय स्वयंवरकी प्रशंसा करते और उसमें जाते हैं; परंतु उसमें भी समस्त राजाओंको परास्त करके जिस कन्याका अपहरण किया जाता है, धर्मवादी दिद्वान क्षत्रियके लिये उसे सबसे श्रेष्ठ मानते हैं

svayaṃvaraṃ tu rājanyāḥ praśaṃsanty upayānti ca | pramathya tu hṛtām āhur jyāyasīṃ dharmavādinaḥ ||

ไวศัมปายนะกล่าวว่า “กษัตริย์นักรบยกย่องพิธีสวยัมวรและไปเข้าร่วม แต่ผู้กล่าวธรรมประกาศว่า สำหรับนักรบ หนทางที่สูงกว่านั้นคือชิงหญิงสาวหลังจากปราบกษัตริย์คู่แข่งทั้งปวงให้ราบคาบ”

स्वयम्by oneself; personally
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
वरम्choice; selection (of a husband)
वरम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut; however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
राजन्याःof the princess
राजन्याः:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्या
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
प्रशंसन्तिthey praise
प्रशंसन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-शंस्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
उपयान्तिthey go/approach
उपयान्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउप-या
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्रमथ्यhaving crushed/overpowered
प्रमथ्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-मथ्
FormAbsolutive (ktvā/lyap), Active
तुbut; however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
हृताम्carried off; abducted
हृताम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootहृ (√हृ) → हृत
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular, Past passive participle (kta)
आहुःthey say; they declare
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (√अह्/ब्रू)
FormPerfect, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
ज्यायसीम्better; superior
ज्यायसीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootज्यायस्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular, Comparative
धर्मवादिनःspeakers of dharma; moralists
धर्मवादिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मवादिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
kṣatriyas (rājanyas)
S
svayaṃvara
K
kanyā (the maiden/bride)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts two kṣatriya-accepted marriage modes: attending a svayaṃvara versus winning the bride by overpowering rival kings. It frames the latter as ‘higher’ from a kṣatriya-dharma perspective, emphasizing valor and dominance as ethical ideals within that warrior code.

Vaiśampāyana comments on prevailing royal customs: warriors publicly honor svayaṃvaras and participate in them, yet dharma-discoursers also recognize a competing norm—carrying off the maiden after defeating all contenders—as an especially esteemed practice for kṣatriyas.