HomeMahabharataAdi ParvaAdhyaya 1Shloka 151
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Shloka 151

अनुक्रमणिकाध्यायः (Anukramaṇikā Adhyāya) — Invocation, Narrator Frame, and Textual Scope

यदाश्रौषं द्वारकायां सुभद्रां प्रसह्योढां माधवीमर्जुनेन । इन्द्रप्रस्थं वृष्णिवीरी च यातौ तदा नाशंसे विजयाय संजय,संजय! जब मैंने सुना कि अर्जुनने द्वारकामें मधुवंशकी राजकुमारी (और श्रीकृष्णकी बहिन) सुभद्राको बलपूर्वक हरण कर लिया और श्रीकृष्ण एवं बलराम (इस घटनाका विरोध न कर) दहेज लेकर इन्द्रप्रस्थमें आये, तभी समझ लिया था कि मेरी विजय नहीं हो सकती

yadāśrauṣaṃ dvārakāyāṃ subhadrāṃ prasahyōḍhāṃ mādhavīm arjunena | indraprasthaṃ vṛṣṇivīrī ca yātau tadā nāśaṃse vijayāya saṃjaya ||

สัญชัย! ครั้นข้าได้ยินว่า ณ ทวารกา สุภัทรา—ราชกุมารีแห่งวงศ์มาธวะ—ถูกอรชุนฉุดพาไปโดยกำลัง และเหล่าวีรชนวฤษณีก็มิได้คัดค้าน กลับยอมรับเหตุการณ์นั้นแล้วมาถึงอินทรปรัสถ์พร้อมสินสอด เมื่อนั้นเองข้าก็รู้ว่า ความหวังในชัยชนะของข้าย่อมดับสิ้นแล้ว

यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
अश्रौषम्I heard
अश्रौषम्:
TypeVerb
Rootश्रु
FormAorist (luṅ), 1, Singular, Parasmaipada
द्वारकायाम्in Dvārakā
द्वारकायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्वारका
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
सुभद्राम्Subhadrā
सुभद्राम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुभद्रा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
प्रसह्यforcibly
प्रसह्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रसह्य
ऊढाम्carried off / abducted
ऊढाम्:
TypeVerb
Rootवह्
FormPast Passive Participle (kta), Feminine, Accusative, Singular
माधवीम्the Mādhavī (princess of the Madhu line)
माधवीम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमाधवी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अर्जुनेनby Arjuna
अर्जुनेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
इन्द्रप्रस्थम्to Indraprastha
इन्द्रप्रस्थम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रप्रस्थ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वृष्णिवीरौthe two heroes of the Vṛṣṇis (Kṛṣṇa and Balarāma)
वृष्णिवीरौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवृष्णिवीर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यातौhaving gone / came
यातौ:
TypeVerb
Rootया
FormPast Active Participle (kta/ktavatu sense; irregular form 'यात'), Masculine, Nominative, Dual
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
आशंसेI expected / hoped
आशंसे:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-शंस्
FormImperfect (laṅ), 1, Singular, Ātmanepada
विजयायfor victory
विजयाय:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootविजय
FormMasculine, Dative, Singular
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
संजयO Sañjaya
संजय:
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
S
Saṃjaya
A
Arjuna
S
Subhadrā
M
Mādhava/Vṛṣṇi lineage
D
Dvārakā
I
Indraprastha
V
Vṛṣṇi heroes (Kṛṣṇa’s clan)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how decisive moral and political legitimacy can be in determining outcomes: when powerful allies align with a cause perceived as rightful, opponents lose confidence. It also raises ethical tension around kṣatriya marriage practices—‘forcible carrying off’—inviting reflection on how custom, consent, and dharma are interpreted in epic society.

The speaker recalls hearing that Arjuna carried off Subhadrā from Dvārakā and that the Vṛṣṇi heroes subsequently came to Indraprastha, effectively accepting the match and aligning with the Pāṇḍavas. From that moment, the speaker concludes that his own side cannot realistically win.