Shloka 41

Īśvara-gītā: Antaryāmin, Kāla, and the Divine Ordinance Governing Creation, Preservation, and Pralaya

Devanagari script

युगमन्वन्तराण्येव मम तिष्ठन्ति शासने / पराश्चैव परार्धाश्च कालभेदास्तथा परे

Transliteration

yugamanvantarāṇyeva mama tiṣṭhanti śāsane / parāścaiva parārdhāśca kālabhedāstathā pare

Translation

ยุคและมันวันตระทั้งหลายดำรงอยู่ภายใต้บัญชาของเรา เช่นเดียวกับมาตราสูงและครึ่งของมาตราสูง (ปรา และปรารธ) ตลอดจนการแบ่งกาลอื่น ๆ ทั้งปวง ล้วนเป็นไปตามกฎนั้น

Word by Word

• युग: yuga
• युग: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: युग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन (समाहार-गणनायाम्; ‘yuga’)

• मन्वन्तराणि: manvantaras
• मन्वन्तराणि: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मन्वन्तर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• एव: indeed/only
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-निपात (emphatic particle)

• मम: of me/my
• मम: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• तिष्ठन्ति: stand/abide
• तिष्ठन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: स्था (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन

• शासने: in (my) command/ordinance
• शासने: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शासन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन

• पराः: parās (time-units)
• पराः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (time-measure ‘parā’)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-निपात

• परार्धाः: parārdhas
• परार्धाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: परार्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन (time-measure ‘parārdha’)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• कालभेदाः: divisions of time
• कालभेदाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक) + भेद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: कालस्य भेदाः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• तथा: thus/likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• परे: others/further
• परे: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (qualifying the preceding time-divisions)

Speaker

Lord Kurma (Vishnu) instructing the sages/Indradyumna on cosmic order and time

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Characters & Entities

• Lord Kurma
• Vishnu
• Yuga
• Manvantara
• Kala

More Details (3 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

It presents the Supreme as Īśvara whose śāsana (sovereign ordinance) upholds even time itself—implying a transcendent Self that is not bound by yuga or manvantara, yet governs them.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No specific technique is listed; the verse supplies the metaphysical basis for Yoga—meditation on Īśvara as the नियन्ता (controller) of kāla, supporting disciplines like īśvara-praṇidhāna (devotional contemplation of the Lord).

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

By emphasizing one supreme governance over kāla and cosmic cycles, it aligns with the Purana’s synthesis: the single Īśvara-principle (honored as Vishnu/Kurma here and consonant with Shaiva theology) is the ultimate regulator of creation and time.