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Shloka 40

Īśvara-gītā: Antaryāmin, Kāla, and the Divine Ordinance Governing Creation, Preservation, and Pralaya

कलाकाष्ठानिमेषाश्च मुहूर्ता दिवसाः क्षपाः / ऋतवः पक्षमासाश्च स्थिताः शास्त्रे प्रजापतेः

kalākāṣṭhānimeṣāśca muhūrtā divasāḥ kṣapāḥ / ṛtavaḥ pakṣamāsāśca sthitāḥ śāstre prajāpateḥ

กะลา กาษฐา นิมेष มุหูรต กลางวันและกลางคืน ตลอดจนฤดูกาล ปักษ์ และเดือนทั้งหลาย ล้วนถูกกำหนดไว้ในศาสตรบัญญัติของปรชาปติ

कलाःkalās (time-units)
कलाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकला (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
काष्ठाःkāṣṭhās (time-units)
काष्ठाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
निमेषाःblinks/moments
निमेषाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनिमेष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction/particle)
मुहूर्ताःmuhūrtas
मुहूर्ताः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमुहूर्त (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
दिवसाःdays
दिवसाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदिवस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
क्षपाःnights
क्षपाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootक्षपा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
ऋतवःseasons
ऋतवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऋतु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
पक्षमासाःfortnights and months
पक्षमासाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष (प्रातिपदिक) + मास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formद्वन्द्व-समास (copulative): पक्ष + मास; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयार्थक-निपात (conjunction/particle)
स्थिताःare established
स्थिताः:
Kriya (क्रिया/स्थितिः)
TypeVerb
Rootस्था (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; क्रियासमानाधिकरण
शास्त्रेin the ordinance/scripture
शास्त्रे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootशास्त्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
प्रजापतेःof Prajāpati
प्रजापतेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजापति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

Sūta (narrating the Purāṇic teaching on time-measures as received in the tradition)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

P
Prajāpati

FAQs

Indirectly: by presenting time as an ordered framework established by Prajāpati, the verse implies a governing cosmic intelligence; the Atman is not defined here, but the world’s rhythm is shown as dharma-bound rather than random.

No specific yoga technique is taught in this verse; its practical use is to ground vrata, japa, and ritual timing—disciplines that support yogic steadiness (niyama) by aligning practice with the sacred calendar.

It does not name Śiva or Viṣṇu directly; consistent with the Kurma Purana’s synthesis, the verse frames cosmic order through Prajāpati’s śāstra, a theistic principle compatible with both Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava understandings of divine governance.